Assessment of the Suitability of Chitosan/PolyButylene Succinate Scaffolds Seeded with Mouse Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells for a Cartilage Tissue Engineering Approach

Abstract

In this work, scaffolds derived from a new biomaterial originated from the combination of a natural material and a synthetic material were tested for assessing their suitability for cartilage tissue engineering applications. In order to obtain a better outcome result in terms of scaffolds' overall properties, different blends of natural and synthetic materials were created. Chitosan and polybutylene succinate (C-PBS) 50/50 (wt%) were melt blended using a twin-screw extruder and processed into 5Â5Â5 mm scaffolds by compression moulding with salt leaching. Micro-computed tomography analysis calculated an average of 66.29% porosity and 92.78% interconnectivity degree for the presented scaffolds. The salt particles used ranged in size between 63 and 125 lm, retrieving an average pore size of 251.28 lm. Regarding the mechanical properties, the compressive modulus was of 1.73 ± 0.4 MPa (E sec 1%). Cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that the leachables released by the developed porous structures were not harmful to the cells and hence were noncytotoxic. Direct contact assays were carried out using a mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cell line (BMC9). Cells were seeded at a density of 5Â10 5 cells/scaffold and allowed to grow for periods up to 3 weeks under chondrogenic differentiating conditions. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the cells were able to proliferate and colonize the scaffold structure, and MTS test demonstrated cell viability during the time of the experiment. Finally, Western blot performed for collagen type II, a natural cartilage extracellular matrix component, showed that this protein was being expressed by the end of 3 weeks, which seems to indicate that the BMC9 cells were being differentiated toward the chondrogenic pathway. These results indicate the adequacy of these newly developed C-PBS scaffolds for supporting cell growth and differentiation toward the chondrogenic pathway, suggesting that they should be considered for further studies in the cartilage tissue engineering field.

Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded on Melt Based Chitosan Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

“…23 The blend combines the favorable biological properties of chitosan with the good mechanical properties and processability of polyesters, [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] leading to a chitosan based material with adjustable properties for tissue engineering applications. [27][28][29][30] The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the performance of the developed microfiber mesh scaffolds. For that, we assess the cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs isolated from bone marrow and seeded onto novel chitosan/polyester microfiber mesh scaffolds aimed to be used in bone tissue engineering field.…”

Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Systematic Reappraisal Via the Genostem Experience

“…The materials were thoroughly characterized in terms of morphology, mechanical properties and kinetics of biodegradation showing excellent performance compatible with the application in bone and cartilage [22]. The biological performance was evaluated in vitro using the mouse bone marrow MSC line BMC9 [23,24]. The combination of chitosan with poly(butylene succinate), in a equal fraction by weight (chitosan/PBS), showed high cell viability.…”

Electrospun Fibers Containing Bio‐Based Ricinoleic Acid: Effect of Amount and Distribution of Ricinoleic Acid Unit on Antibacterial Properties

“…[37,38] Recently, PBS has also been tested as a biomaterial, and its biocompatibility has been demonstrated. [39][40][41][42] In order to fabricate materials with antimicrobial activity and possibly long-last response, a series of non-woven mats made of PRA and PBS were prepared via the electrospinning technique. PRA was synthesized starting from the self-polycondensation of RA, while PBS was a commercial sample.…”