Assessment of thyroid endocrine system impairment and oxidative stress mediated by cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) nanoparticles in zebrafish larvae

Abstract

Fascinating super paramagnetic uniqueness of iron oxide particles at nano-scale level make them extremely useful in the state of the art therapies, equipments, and techniques. Cobalt ferrite (CoFe O ) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are extensively used in nano-based medicine and electronics, results in extensive discharge and accumulation into the environment. However, very limited information is available for their endocrine disrupting potential in aquatic organisms. In this study, the thyroid endocrine disrupting ability of CoFe O NPs in Zebrafish larvae for 168-h post fertilization (hpf) was evaluated. The results showed the elevated amounts of T4 and T3 hormones by malformation of hypothalamus pituitary axis in zebrafish larvae. These elevated levels of whole body THs leads to delayed hatching, head and eye malformation, arrested development, and alterations in metabolism. The influence of THs disruption on ROS production and change in activities of catalase (CAT), mu-glutathione s-transferase (mu-GST), and acid phosphatase (AP) were also studied. The production of significantly higher amounts of in vivo generation of ROS leads to membrane damage and oxidative stress. Presences of NPs and NPs agglomerates/aggregates were also the contributing factors in mechanical damaging the membranes and physiological structure of thyroid axis. The increased activities of CAT, mu-GST, and AP confirmed the increased oxidative stress, possible DNA, and metabolic alterations, respectively. The excessive production of in vivo ROS leads to severe apoptosis in head, eye, and heart region confirming that malformation leads to malfunctioning of hypothalamus pituitary axis. ROS-induced oxidative DNA damage by formation of 8-OHdG DNA adducts elaborates the genotoxicity potential of CoFe O NPs. This study will help us to better understand the risk and assessment of endocrine disrupting potential of nanoparticles. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 2068-2080, 2016.

Environmental Hazard Potential of Nano‐Photocatalysts Determined by Nano‐Bio Interactions and Exposure Conditions

“…Tissue DNA kit (Omega Bio‐tek, Inc., Norcross, GA, US) and digested using nuclease P1 as described previously. [ 17 ]…”

Regulation of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in diverse species

“…Iron-containing nanoparticles used to initiate the Fenton reaction induce genotoxic stress in zebrafish endocrine tissue (Ahmad et al 2016) and guppy erythrocytes (Qualhato et al 2017). Defects in ferroportin expression, which limit extracellular iron release, cause iron storage disease and promote lipid peroxidation in avian liver, heart, and spleen (Cork 2000;Pavone et al 2014).…”

Advances in endocrine toxicity of nanomaterials and mechanism in hormone secretion disorders

“…When pregnant mice were poisoned, these two effects occurred in T A B L E 1 (Continued) ( Ahmad et al, 2016) the same time; the T level of male offspring increased at low dose and decreased at high dose . Hence, it can be seen that the discrepant results of in vivo and in vitro experiments might be attributable to inconsistent doses and differences in models.…”

“…Nedder et al, 2020), Fe 2 O 3 NPs(Sundarraj et al, 2017), Au NPs(Teles et al, 2017) and Au NRs(Jiang et al, 2017), palladium NPs(Leso et al, 2019), Mo NPs(Asadi et al, 2017), CoFe 2 O 4 NPs(Ahmad et al, 2016), and SeNPs (Table1). It is worth noting that Se…”