Assessment of titanium dioxide nanoparticle as treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Oreochromis niloticus

Abstract

Nanoproducts became widely used materials all over the world. Antimicrobial properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle (NP) were examined against Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) bacteria and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be 20 μg/ml of TiO2NP. In addition, the treatment efficacy of TiO2NP was examined in Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) infected with A. hydrophila. One hundred and eighty fish (54±2.4 g b.w.) were divided into six groups (G). O. niloticus in G1, G2 and G3 were fed for 30 days with 0, 20 and 100 μg/g b.w. TiO2NP, respectively, while G4, G5 and G6 were i.p. injected with 0.2 ml distal water, 20 and 100 μg/g b.w. TiO2NP, respectively, for three times with ten days of interval. The blood parameters as well as some of the biochemical parameters of O. niloticus that received high dosage of TiO2NP were significantly affected regardless to the administration route. Elevation of the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and metallothionine (MT) were recorded with the high dosage. Furthermore, O. niloticus subjected to high dosage of TiO2NP had the lower survival rate (SR%) especially with the injection route (50%). On the other hand, no significant changes were demonstrated with the perceived TiO2NP MIC. The mortality rate (MR%) of challenged O. niloticus against A. hydrophila was decreased in case of TiO2NP MIC exposure, as G2 and G5 revealed 20 and 30%, respectively. Therefore, the 20 μg/g b.w. of TiO2NP could safely protect O. niloticus against A. hydrophila infection since no health hazards was observed. Meanwhile, health status of O. niloticus was adversely affected with high dosage of TiO2NP irrespective to the route of administration.

Moringa oleiferamitigates oxytetracycline stress inOreochromis niloticus

“…Many agencies worldwide have approved a limited number of therapeutic drugs for aquaculture, namely, oxytetracycline (OTC), florfenicol, ormetoprim and sulfadimethoxine (APVMA, 2014; CFIA, 2014; EU, 2010; USFDA, 2017; USFWS, 2015). Many veterinarians and fish pathologists consider the oral route of administration to be easier and suitable for the treatment of aquatic animals and to minimize labour and water pollution (Ferreira et al, 2007; Leal et al, 2019; Sherif et al, 2019).…”

Immune Defenses in European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) Post Exposure to Formalized Killed Bacterin of Vibrio vulnificus

“…The head kidney and spleen are the vital immune organs of teleost fish (Press & Evensen, 1999;. These organs have been demonstrated to make essential contributions to the generation of systemic immunity and perform the vital function of removing foreign or antigenic substances from the blood of teleost fish (Grove et al, 2006;Sherif et al, 2019). Furthermore, both surface-exposed acidic capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of V. vulnificus can directly stimulate the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines mediated by TNF-α expression (Powell et al, 1997).…”

Using Nutraceutical to Alleviate Transportation Stress in the Nile tilapia

“…-Fish were fed twice a day at 8:30 and 13:30 by hand and they were carefully observed till all supplied feed was consumed. On the second arrival day, Nile tilapia were weight before being stocked in each group (Sherif et al, 2019). Fish weight after the acclimatization period (W0) and weekly weighed for a successive period of 8 weeks.…”