Assessment of train-overturning risk due to strong cross-winds

Andersson, Evert; Häggström, Jens; Sima, Mikael; Stichel, Sebastian

doi:10.1243/0954409042389382

Cited by 58 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The investigation of crosswind effects on rail vehicles has been the subject of a number of studies concerned with the inherent risks of vehicle overturning and track instability (Gawthorpe, 1994;Andersson et al, 2004;Alam and Watkins, 2007a,b;Baker and Sterling, 2009). A train will overturn when the contribution of the aerodynamic rolling moment about the leeward rail generated by a crosswind is large enough to overcome the restoring moment associated with the train weight (Gawthorpe, 1994;RSSB, 2009).…”

Section: Crosswindsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A train will overturn when the contribution of the aerodynamic rolling moment about the leeward rail generated by a crosswind is large enough to overcome the restoring moment associated with the train weight (Gawthorpe, 1994;RSSB, 2009). Other effects include loss of ride quality through enhanced suspension vibrations (Cooper, 1984) and pantograph displacement due to wind induced lateral deflection of a train (Andersson et al, 2004;Baker and Sterling, 2009). …”

Section: Crosswindsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A train will overturn when the contribution of the aerodynamic rolling moment about the leeward rail, generated by a crosswind, is large enough to overcome the restoring moment associated with the train weight (Gawthorpe, 1994;RSSB, 2009). The investigation of crosswind effects on rail vehicles has been the subject of a number of studies concerned with the inherent risks of vehicle overturning and track instability (Gawthorpe, 1994;Andersson et al, 2004;Alam and Watkins, 2007a,b;Baker and Sterling, 2009). Research has predominantly focused on passenger trains due to the possible impact of loss of life if a vehicle were to overturn (Raghunathan et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Aerodynamics of a Container Freight Train

Soper

2016

Springer Theses

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This research aims to characterise the aerodynamic flow around a container freight train and investigate how changing the container loading configuration affects the magnitude of aerodynamic forces measured on a container. Experiments were carried out using a 1/25th scale moving model freight train at the University of Birmingham's TRAIN rig facility. The model was designed to enable different container loading configurations and train lengths to be tested. A series of experiments to measure slipstream velocities and static pressure were undertaken to assess the influence of container loading configuration. Experiments to measure aerodynamic loads on a container were carried out using an on-board pressure monitoring system built into a specifically designed measuring container. A collation of full scale freight data from previous studies provided a tool to validate model scale data.Analysis of freight data found it was possible to present slipstream results as a series of flow regions. Clear differences in slipstream development and aerodynamic load coefficients were observed for differing container loading configurations. Velocity and pressure magnitudes measured in the nose region were larger than values observed previously. For container loading efficiencies higher than 50% boundary layer growth stabilises rapidly, however, for less than 50% continual boundary layer growth was observed until after 100m when stabilisation occurs. Velocities in the lateral and vertical directions have magnitudes larger than previously observed; increasing the overall magnitude by ∼10%. Comparison of model and full scale data showed good agreement, indicating Reynolds number independence. An analysis of TSI safety limits found results lie close to, but do not break, existing limits. Aerodynamic load coefficients were compared with previous studies and shown to be characteristic of typical values measured for a 30• yaw angle; however, differences between static wind tunnel and moving model results were discovered.

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Section: Crosswindsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crosswindsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Aerodynamics of a Container Freight Train

Soper

2016

Springer Theses

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“…Andersson, et. al. [54] identified locations in Sweden prone to high winds and possible train overturning and performed a risk assessment for safe train operation. Experimental methods for measuring side forces and rolling moments for high-speed trains were developed by Sanquer, et.…”

Section: Review Of Past Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of CFD to Rail Car and Locomotive Aerodynamics

Paul

Johnson

Yates³

2009

The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles II: Trucks, Buses, and Trains

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CFD methods have been employed to solve a number of efficiency, safety and operational problems related to the aerodynamics of rail cars and locomotives. This paper reviews three case studies: 1) numerical models were employed to quantify the drag characteristics of two external railcar features; namely, well car side-posts and inter-platform gaps. The effects of various design modifications on train resistance and fuel usage were evaluated. 2) An operational safety issue facing railroad operators is wind-induced tip-over. A study was completed using CFD and wind tunnel tests to develop a database of tip-over tendencies for a variety of car types within the Norfolk Southern fleet. The use of this database in the development of a speed restricting system for the Sandusky Bay Bridge is also discussed. 3) Another safety issue involves the behavior of diesel exhaust plumes in the vicinity of locomotive cabs. Numerical simulations were performed for a variety of locomotives operating under a number of ambient conditions (wind speed, wind direction). The concentration of diesel exhaust at the operator cab window was quantified. Where appropriate, the studies provide information on the correlation of the CFD results with previously collected wind tunnel and field data.

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“…Uncertainties enter only during the subsequent risk assessment process, where the risk of an incident is quantified based on a specific vehicle and connection. [1]. Taking uncertainties underlying the computation of the characteristic wind curve into account, Carrarini [4], for the first time, proposes a probabilistic characteristic wind curve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overturning Probability of Railway Vehicles under Wind Gust Loads

Proppe

Wetzel

IUTAM Book Series

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Abstract:Sufficient crosswind stability is an important criterion in the approval process of railway vehicles. However, crosswind stability is in conflict with demands for light-weight constructions (especially cabin cars) and higher driving velocities. In many countries, the approval process foresees stability predictions based on worst case scenarios, where uncertainties are taken into account by means of safety factors and comparison with reference vehicles. This procedure is a burden for innovations and hinders the interoperability of railway vehicles. Therefore, models have been proposed that take some of the uncertainties associated with the wind gusts and the aerodynamic coefficients of the carbody into account. In this paper, a consistent stochastic wind gust model is proposed, and probabilistic characteristic wind curves are computed by means of a reliability analysis of the train-environment system.

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Assessment of train-overturning risk due to strong cross-winds

Cited by 58 publications

References 5 publications

The Aerodynamics of a Container Freight Train

The Aerodynamics of a Container Freight Train

Application of CFD to Rail Car and Locomotive Aerodynamics

Overturning Probability of Railway Vehicles under Wind Gust Loads

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