Assessment of Upper Respiratory Tract and Ocular Irritative Effects of Volatile Chemicals in Humans

Doty, Richard L.; Cometto‐Muñiz, J. Enrique; Jalowayski, Alfredo A.; Dalton, Pamela; Kendal-Reed, Martin; Hodgson, Michael

doi:10.1080/10408440490269586

Cited by 133 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 322 publications

(227 reference statements)

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“…The latter (Green et al 1990;Bryant and Silver 2000) is also known as chemically-induced somesthesis (Green and Lawless 1991) or chemical nociception (Hummel et al 2003;Kwan et al 2006). Environmental vapors producing chemesthetic sensations impinge preferentially on exposed mucosae such as the nasal, ocular, and, to a lesser extent, oral mucosa (Doty et al 2004). Chemical nociceptors within free nerve endings of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) that innervate these mucosae respond to a wide variety of chemical vapors if the concentration of the vapors is high enough (Doty and Cometto-Muñiz 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration-detection functions for eye irritation evoked by homologous n-alcohols and acetates approaching a cut-off point

et al. 2007

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We measured concentration-detection (i.e., psychometric) functions for the eye irritation evoked by three homologous n-alcohols (1-nonanol, 1-decanol, and 1-undecanol) and two homologous acetates (nonyl and decyl acetate). A vapor delivery device based on a dynamic dilution of stimuli in nitrogen served to present various concentrations of each compound, including the undiluted vapor, to the subjects (n≥26).Delivered concentrations were quantified by gas chromatography. Detection probability (P) was assessed via a three-alternative, forced-choice procedure, and quantified on a scale ranging from P = 0.0 (chance detection) to P = 1.0 (perfect detection). Flowrate to the eye equaled 2.5 L/min and time of exposure was 6 sec. The functions for 1-undecanol and decyl acetate plateau at P ≈ 0.5 and P ≈ 0.25, respectively, such that further increases in concentration failed to increase detection notably. Thus, both series reached a break-point, or cut-off, in detection of ocular irritation. The present outcome provides additional evidence that the cut-off does not rest on the low vapor concentration of the homolog but, more likely, on the homolog exceeding a critical molecular dimension(s) which prevents it from interacting effectively with the appropriate receptors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration-detection functions for eye irritation evoked by homologous n-alcohols and acetates approaching a cut-off point

et al. 2007

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“…Thus, a measure was needed that allows for the determination of the lowest concentration at which humans start to detect sensory irritation. In this paper, a definition of sensory irritation is posed as the subjective experience of irritation as opposed to objective or physiological irritation, evidenced by physical reddening or inflammation (Doty et al 2004). Sensory irritation and physiological irritation may or may not coincide, that is, one may experience irritation in the absence of physical signs of irritation, in which case the sensory irritation threshold would be lower than the physiological irritation threshold.…”

Section: Contributions From Psychophysics: Relation Between Critical mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quality and intensity of the odor may affect judgment, causing error and variability in results (Doty et al 2004). Fortunately, the introduction of the lateralization threshold (LT) method for the detection of irritation in the context of odor effectively solved this problem by taking advantage of an important difference in the functional organization of the information processing pathways of the olfactory system, which is responsible for odor sensation, and the trigeminal system, which is responsible for sensory irritation in the eyes, nose and mouth.…”

Section: Absolute Threshold For Detection Of Sensory Irritation and Odormentioning

confidence: 99%

Setting occupational exposure limits in humans: contributions from the field of experimental psychology

Smeets

Kroeze

Dalton

2005

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Psychophysical methods from the field of experimental psychology are evaluated for their utility in the derivation of occupational exposure limits (OELs) for volatile chemicals based on acute sensory irritation in humans. The lateralization threshold method, which involves the localization of trigeminal vapor to the stimulated nostril, is evaluated for its underlying assumptions, reliability and validity. Whole body exposures, on the other hand, which involve the controlled, ambient exposure of human subjects to the irritant at one or a series of concentrations for an extended period are also discussed. It is concluded that the single-organ psychophysical method is largely resistant to response bias is practical and economical. However, its reliability and validity need further assessment. Whole body exposures, while having enhanced ecological validity, are more prone to demand characteristics, response bias, and subject beliefs than the traditional psychophysical procedures. An approach that involves the exposure of only the most sensitive organs such as the eyes and nose, via a mask or facebox, could facilitate the administration and alternation of odorant/irritant stimuli over a wide range of concentrations while enhancing ecological validity.

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“…Thus, it is quite appropriate that this chemosensory system is now often referred to as "trigeminal chemoreception" (Cometto-Muñiz et al, 2010;Doty and Cometto-Muñiz, 2003;Doty et al, 2004;Silver and Finger, 2009;Sliver and Finger, 1991). Previous reviews have described in detail the anatomy and physiology of the trigeminal chemosensory system (Doty and Cometto-Muñiz, 2003;Doty et al, 2004).…”

Section: ) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reviews have described in detail the anatomy and physiology of the trigeminal chemosensory system (Doty and Cometto-Muñiz, 2003;Doty et al, 2004). Briefly, the three branches of the trigeminal nerve --the ophthalmic, the maxillary, and the mandibular --provide the bulk of chemesthetic sensitivity to the ocular, nasal, and oral mucosae.…”

Section: ) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trigeminal Chemesthesis

Cometto‐Muñiz

Simons

2015

Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation

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Assessment of Upper Respiratory Tract and Ocular Irritative Effects of Volatile Chemicals in Humans

Cited by 133 publications

References 322 publications

Concentration-detection functions for eye irritation evoked by homologous n-alcohols and acetates approaching a cut-off point

Concentration-detection functions for eye irritation evoked by homologous n-alcohols and acetates approaching a cut-off point

Setting occupational exposure limits in humans: contributions from the field of experimental psychology

Trigeminal Chemesthesis

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