Assessment of Urinary Incontinence (UI) in Adult Patients

Abstract

The diagnosis and assessment of urinary incontinence (UI) are variable. In general, diagnosis is made in primary care using clinical evaluation (a good history and physical examination), bladder diary and validated symptom scales. Condition-speciic diagnosis is made in secondary care, and it often involves interventional tools such as urodynamic studies. The evidence available on the accuracy and acceptability of the assessment of UI is inconsistent and variable. A structured data collection tool was used for initial assessment of UI. Some key questions are required for initial assessment of UI in order to diagnose the type of UI. This chapter includes a gender-speciic evaluation based on history and clinical examination. Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in female patients is associated with UI and POP diagnosis, and staging is made by clinical examination only, while male patients are examined for prostate obstructive urinary symptoms. Basic evaluation includes bladder diary in cases of overactive bladder and stress test, for stress urinary incontinence. Other diagnostic tests include urine analysis, urolowmetry and measurement of postvoid residual volume in cases of neurogenic bladder and benign prostate hypertrophy. Patients referred to specialist require further assessment of UI using urodynamic testing, electrophysiological test and imaging.

Integration of physical health and sensory processing assessment for children with autism spectrum disorder in schools

“…Along with this note, if further evaluation is required, medical providers may assess symptoms through the use of procedures such as anal manometry, balloon insertion, defecography, and colonic transit studies (Arce et al, 2002). Along these lines, incontinence can be evaluated via bladder diaries, stress tests, urine analysis, and uroflowmetry (Rizvi & Ather, 2017).…”

Development of Management Model Post-Stroke Urinary Incontinence

“…Physical assessment and history-taking, including identification of urological problems before the stroke occurred such as bladder outlet obstruction or stress incontinence [16]. Physical assessment also including pain, haematuria, history of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI), pelvic surgery, and UI associated with known abnormality of the urinary tract [17]. Careful abdominal examination should be performed, an abdominal mass can contribute to stress incontinence and occasionally can cause urinary obstruction with resultant overflow incontinence.…”

“…In neurologic patients, evaluation of lower extremity strength, reflexes and perineal sensation is necessary. Unilateral weakness or hyperreflexia of the lower extremities may identify an upper motor lesion [17].…”