Assessment of variations in benzene concentration produced from vehicles and gas stations in Tehran using GIS

Atabi, Farideh; Moattar, Faramarz; Mansouri, Nabiollah; Alesheikh, Ali Asghar; Mirzahosseini, Seyed Alireza Hajiseyed

doi:10.1007/s13762-012-0151-6

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Points closer to the interpolated point obtain greater weighting values. As the distance increases, assigned weights to known points decline and as the power parameter rises, this effect decreases [27]. In this paper, the power value was considered as 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Spatial Pattern Characterization of Air Pollution: A Case Study of CO and PM2.5 in Tehran, Iran

Habibi

Alesheikh

Mohammadinia

et al. 2017

IJGI

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Statistically clustering air pollution can provide evidence of underlying spatial processes responsible for intensifying the concentration of contaminants. It may also lead to the identification of hotspots. The patterns can then be targeted to manage the concentration level of pollutants. In this regard, employing spatial autocorrelation indices as important tools is inevitable. In this study, general and local indices of Moran's I and Getis-Ord statistics were assessed in their representation of the structural characteristics of carbon monoxide (CO) and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) polluted areas in Tehran, Iran, which is one of the most polluted cities in the world. For this purpose, a grid (200 m × 200 m) was applied across the city, and the inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method was used to allocate a value to each pixel. To compare the methods of detecting clusters meaningfully and quantitatively, the pollution cleanliness index (PCI) was established. The results ascertained a high clustering level of the pollutants in the study area (with 99% confidence level). PM 2.5 clusters separated the city into northern and southern parts, as most of the cold spots were situated in the north half and the hotspots were in the south. However, the CO hotspots also covered an area from the northeast to southwest of the city and the cold spots were spread over the rest of the city. The Getis-Ord's PCI suggested a more polluted air quality than the Moran's I PCI. The study provides a feasible methodology for urban planners and decision makers to effectively investigate and govern contaminated sites with the aim of reducing the harmful effects of air pollution on public health and the environment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Spatial Pattern Characterization of Air Pollution: A Case Study of CO and PM2.5 in Tehran, Iran

Habibi

Alesheikh

Mohammadinia

et al. 2017

IJGI

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“…Jafari and Ebrahimi () reported that the average concentration of benzene in Tehran fluctuated from 3.2 ppb (0.011 mg/m 3 ) to 156 ppb (0.536 mg/m 3 ). Atabi, Moattar, Mansouri, Alesheikh, and Mirzahosseini () investigated the contribution of benzene to air pollution of Tehran. The annual concentrations of benzene were as follows: in paths with heavy traffic, 13.85 ppb; in the intersections, 14.98 ppb; in the vicinity of gas stations, 29.01 ppb; in residential areas, 3.26 ppb; and along roadsides, 9.97 ppb, in Atabi et al.’s study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) contributions in the air pollution of Tehran, Iran

Asadi

Mirmohammadi

2017

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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Urbanization and development are associated with air pollution, including emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX). For this study, we measured and investigated the outdoor concentrations of BTEX in Tehran, Iran. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, 1996) methods were applied to measure the concentrations of BTEX in winter and spring of 2015 at 46 air monitoring stations. BETX concentrations were also measured at 19 monitoring stations in June and July of 2003. In 2003, BTEX compound pollutants were observed at greater concentration in the eastern, central, and southern zones of Tehran than in other zones. The average concentrations of the BTEX compounds were 238 parts per billion (ppb), 130 ppb, 69 ppb, and 118 ppb, respectively, for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. The benzene to toluene (B/T) ratios ranged from 0.8 to 3.2, which indicated that the gasoline used in the city was of poor quality at that time. In 2015, the BTEX concentrations in District 19 (south of Tehran) were higher than in the eastern and central regions, which included restricted “traffic zones” and the extensive development of public transportation systems. In the restricted traffic zones, only public vehicles, such as buses, taxis, ambulances, etc., and other authorized vehicles are allowed to operate. By ameliorating the quality of gasoline, encouraging the use of late model private cars, and development of subway and public transportation during the years between 2003 and 2015, the BTEX concentrations have fallen to levels that comply with Iran's air quality standards. The 2015 measurements revealed that the average concentrations of the BTEX compounds were 5.3, 9.2, 1.5, and 2.6 ppb, respectively. The B/T ratio fluctuated from 0.39 to 0.76, demonstrating the remarkable role that vehicle traffic plays in BTEX pollution.

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“…Vlachopoulou et al (2001) used the GIS tool to select warehouse sites. Atabi et al (2013) investigated levels of benzene concentration produced from vehicles and gas stations at Tehran in Iran by using the GIS tool. The data for this study were classified into two categories for grid analysis: internal demand factors and external demand factors.…”

Section: Building Base Data For Gis Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between optimal carsharing locations and carbon dioxide emissions in urban areas

Lee

Byun²,

Lee

et al. 2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Carsharing, an alternative to car ownership, is being encouraged by many national governments as a means to alleviate air pollution and traffic congestion. Previously, many carsharing companies determined service locations through trial and error, but they currently define their parking locations in metropolitan cities for maximum customer coverage. However, identifying carsharing locations according to the experiences of the pioneering cities might not yield valid results in some Asian countries where carsharing systems are unknown. Hence, this study examines the characteristics of carsharing users in Daejeon, a small Korean city, to determine that city's optimal carsharing service locations. A geographic information system was used to analyze and determine the best spatial areas according to two data categories: internal and external demand factors. Suitable carsharing locations were ranked by the results of a grid analysis. Thirty optimal locations were then determined from the location-allocation model in a network analysis module. Determining optimal carsharing locations should also be directly correlated with the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon dioxide emission reduction from carsharing was predicted at 62,070 tCO2eq for the year 2013; emission reductions were predicted to increase further to 172,923 tCO2eq by 2020. Thus, carsharing is an innovative strategy for traffic demand management that can alleviate air pollution. The results of this study indicate that further research is necessary to examine the relationship between optimal carsharing locations and carbon dioxide emission reduction from using lower-emission carsharing vehicles, such as electric vehicles.

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Assessment of variations in benzene concentration produced from vehicles and gas stations in Tehran using GIS

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

An Assessment of Spatial Pattern Characterization of Air Pollution: A Case Study of CO and PM2.5 in Tehran, Iran

An Assessment of Spatial Pattern Characterization of Air Pollution: A Case Study of CO and PM2.5 in Tehran, Iran

Experimental study of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) contributions in the air pollution of Tehran, Iran

Correlation between optimal carsharing locations and carbon dioxide emissions in urban areas

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