Assessment of ventilation rates inside educational buildings in Southwestern Europe: Analysis of implemented strategic measures

Aguilar, Antonio J.; Hoz‐Torres, María L. de la; Costa, Nélson; Arezes, P.; Martínez‐Aires, María Dolores; Ruiz, Diego P.

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104204

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Particularly in classrooms, ventilation was an important issue to be addressed in the 2020–2021 academic year, since previous studies in classrooms of southern Spain [ [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] ], France [ 19 ], Portugal [ 20 , 21 ], Italy [ [22] , [23] , [24] ], and other Mediterranean locations [ 25 ] had shown poor indoor conditions, both in terms of thermal comfort and clean air, due to the lack of a proper ventilation. According to the literature on how schools had to operate after the lockdown, they all had in common the general principle of increasing ventilation by renewal with outdoor air [ [26] , [27] , [28] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of indoor air quality and risk of COVID-19 infection in Spanish secondary school and university classrooms

Rodrı́guez

Urbieta²,

Velasco³

et al. 2022

Building and Environment

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of indoor air quality and risk of COVID-19 infection in Spanish secondary school and university classrooms

Rodrı́guez

Urbieta²,

Velasco³

et al. 2022

Building and Environment

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“…However, since most educational buildings in European countries are naturally ventilated, achieving high values of VRs (e.g., 6–10 ACH) is hard through a natural ventilation strategy [ 14 ]. In this context, several researchers have assessed if the VR required by governments for educational buildings could be achieved through natural ventilation strategies during the pre-pandemic scenario [ 7 , 15 , 16 ] and during the post-pandemic scenario [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Although the results presented by these studies showed that a continuous natural ventilation strategy could provide effective air renewal, they also showed that other indoor environmental variables were influenced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and Assessment of Indoor Environmental Conditions in Educational Building Using Building Information Modelling Methodology

Aguilar

Hoz‐Torres

Ruiz

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Managing indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is a challenge in educational buildings in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Adequate indoor air quality is essential to ensure that indoor spaces are safe for students and teachers. In fact, poor IEQ can affect academic performance and student comfort. This study proposes a framework for integrating occupants’ feedback into the building information modelling (BIM) methodology to assess indoor environmental conditions (thermal, acoustic and lighting) and the individual airborne virus transmission risk during teaching activities. The information contained in the parametric 3D BIM model and the algorithmic environment of Dynamo were used to develop the framework. The IEQ evaluation is based on sensor monitoring and a daily schedule, so the results show real problems of occupants’ dissatisfaction. The output of the framework shows in which range the indoor environmental variables were (optimal, acceptable and unacceptable) and the probability of infection during each lecture class (whether or not 1% is exceeded). A case study was proposed to illustrate its application and validate it. The outcomes provide key information to support the decision-making process for managing IEQ and controlling individual airborne virus transmission risks. Long-term application could provide data that support the management of ventilation strategies and protocol redesign.

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“…The experimental study on indoor monitoring used a wide range of locations comprising university classrooms, university laboratories, university offices, classrooms in daycare centers, hospital rooms, and houses. Researchers expanded their focus beyond measuring CO 2 by also measuring temperature and humidity (27,35,65,66). To simplify the monitoring process, wireless technologies such as ZigBee were additionally utilized (52,65,71).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of an intelligent indoor environment monitoring and management system for COVID-19 risk mitigation

Wiryasaputra

Huang

Kristiani

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has turned the world upside down bringing about a massive impact on society due to enforced measures such as the curtailment of personal travel and limitations on economic activities. The global pandemic resulted in numerous people spending their time at home, working, and learning from home hence exposing them to air contaminants of outdoor and indoor origins. COVID-19 is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which spreads by airborne transmission. The viruses found indoors are linked to the building's ventilation system quality. The ventilation flow in an indoor environment controls the movement and advection of any aerosols, pollutants, and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) created by indoor sources/occupants; the quantity of CO2 can be measured by sensors. Indoor CO2 monitoring is a technique used to track a person's COVID-19 risk, but high or low CO2 levels do not necessarily mean that the COVID-19 virus is present in the air. CO2 monitors, in short, can help inform an individual whether they are breathing in clean air. In terms of COVID-19 risk mitigation strategies, intelligent indoor monitoring systems use various sensors that are available in the marketplace. This work presents a review of scientific articles that influence intelligent monitoring development and indoor environmental quality management system. The paper underlines that the non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor and ESP8266 microcontroller support the development of low-cost indoor air monitoring at learning facilities.

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Assessment of ventilation rates inside educational buildings in Southwestern Europe: Analysis of implemented strategic measures

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Assessment of indoor air quality and risk of COVID-19 infection in Spanish secondary school and university classrooms

Assessment of indoor air quality and risk of COVID-19 infection in Spanish secondary school and university classrooms

Monitoring and Assessment of Indoor Environmental Conditions in Educational Building Using Building Information Modelling Methodology

Review of an intelligent indoor environment monitoring and management system for COVID-19 risk mitigation

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