Assessment of Workload and its Effects on Performance and Injury in Elite Cricket Fast Bowlers

McNamara, Dean J.; Gabbett, Tim J.; Naughton, Géraldine

doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0588-8

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These may include, but are not limited to; return from injury, competition restrictions, competition strategy, and playing conditions. 16 To a degree, these factors can largely be controlled. However, there are other factors that are much more difficult to account for when preparing fast bowlers, including; the time between bowling innings in multi-day cricket and, the workload 'flow-on' effect amongst the bowlers within the team when one bowler sustains an injury in a competitive match.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Variables in Wearable Microtechnology Devices and Cricket Fast-Bowling Intensity

McNamara¹,

Gabbett²,

Blanch³

et al. 2018

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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To date, the monitoring of fast-bowling workloads across training and competition environments has been limited to counting total balls bowled. However, bowling at faster velocities is likely to require greater effort while also placing greater load on the bowler. This study investigated the relationship between prescribed effort and microtechnology outputs in fast bowlers to ascertain whether the technology could provide a more refined measure of workload. Twelve high-performing fast bowlers (mean ± SD age 20.3 ± 2.2 y) participated in the study. Each bowler bowled 6 balls at prescribed bowling intensities of 60%, 70%, 85%, and 100%. The relationships between microtechnology outputs, prescribed intensity, and ball velocity were determined using polynomial regression. Very large relationships were observed between prescribed effort and ball velocity for peak PlayerLoad™ (R = .83 ± .19 and .82 ± .20). The PlayerLoad across lower ranges of prescribed effort exhibited a higher coefficient of variation (CV) (60% = 19.0% [17.0-23.0%]), while the CV at higher ranges of prescribed effort was lower (100% = 7.3% [6.4-8.5%]). Routinely used wearable microtechnology devices offer opportunities to examine workload and intensity in cricket fast bowlers outside the normal metrics reported. They offer a useful tool for prescribing and monitoring bowling intensity and workload in elite fast bowlers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Variables in Wearable Microtechnology Devices and Cricket Fast-Bowling Intensity

McNamara¹,

Gabbett²,

Blanch³

et al. 2018

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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“…The higher incidence and prevalence of LSF identified in 2016 both in this study and in Australia6 is potentially concerning due to the long time loss associated with this injury. This may in part be associated with increased imaging, detection and routine screening but may also be the result of the increase in the amount of cricket being played across the world 14…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the majority of this research was conducted, the landscape of cricket has drastically altered. Twenty over cricket (T20) has led to the establishment of multimonth blocks of near exclusively T20 fixtures, as well as the proliferation of T20 tournaments leading to a substantial (10%–30%) increase in matchdays 14. This increase in matchdays may explain the higher risk of sustaining an injury compared with the pre-T20 era,15 possibly due to the increased intensity of T20 3 14…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and prevalence of lumbar stress fracture in English County Cricket fast bowlers, association with bowling workload and seasonal variation

Alway

Brooke‐Wavell

Langley

et al. 2019

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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ObjectivesSince much of the previous epidemiological research into lumbar stress fracture was conducted, there has been a marked increase in the amount of cricket being played. The aims were to determine the incidence and prevalence of lumbar stress fracture in English County Cricket fast bowlers between 2010 and 2016, determine the association with match bowling workload and observe seasonal variation in workload and injury.MethodsLumbar stress fracture incidence and prevalence rates were calculated using new international methods for epidemiology in 368 professional English fast bowlers from 2010 to 2016. Workload variables were compared between lumbar stress fracture case and non-injured control groups, before entry in a logistic regression.ResultsFifty-seven lumbar stress fractures (mean age 22.81) were reported. Injury was most common in July and September. Match incidence was 0.16 lumbar stress fractures per 10 000 deliveries, annual incidence was 2.46 lumbar stress fractures per 100 fast bowlers and annual prevalence of lumbar stress fractures was 1.67% of squad days. Significant workload variables were observed between cases and controls. A peak 7-day workload of greater than 234 deliveries significantly increased the odds of sustaining a lumbar stress fracture 11-fold compared with bowling fewer than 197 deliveries.ConclusionLumbar stress fractures are common in young fast bowlers possibly due to immaturity of the lumbar spine. The condensed early and late-season schedule may be causing periods of overuse, resulting in an increase in incidence of lumbar stress fracture. Reduction of workload in young fast bowlers is needed to reduce incidence.

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“…Accelerometers housed within global positioning satellite (GPS) units and microsensors have previously been shown to accurately detect bowling events, such as back foot and FFC in training (Rowlands, James and Thiel, 2009), bowling counts in training and competition (McNamara, Gabbett, Chapman, Naughton and Farhart, 2015a), and PlayerLoad across a 12-over bowling spell (McNamara, Gabbett, Chapman, Naughton and Farhart, 2015b). A large positive (r = 0.64) relationship, as determined by a polynomial regression, has also been shown between resultant acceleration (resultant acceleration = [x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ] 0.5 ) and BRV among elite pace bowlers (McNamara, Gabbett and Naughton, 2017). This may be beneficial in the estimation of bowling loads, but this does not provide specific information regarding the actual external loads or GRFs experienced during each delivery as a more direct measure of load experienced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The relationship between inertial measurement unit-derived ‘force signatures’ and ground reaction forces during cricket pace bowling

Callaghan

Lockie

Andrews

et al. 2018

Sports Biomechanics

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This study assessed the reliability and validity of segment measured accelerations in comparison to front foot contact (FFC) ground reaction force (GRF) during the delivery stride for cricket pace bowlers. Eleven recreational bowlers completed a 30-delivery bowling spell. Trunk- and tibia-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs) were used to measure accelerations, converted to force, for comparisons to force plate GRF discrete measures. These measures included peak force, impulse and the continuous force-time curve in the vertical and braking (horizontal) planes. Reliability and validity was determined by intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), Bland-Altman plots, paired sample t-tests, Pearson's correlation and one-dimensional (1D) statistical parametrical mapping (SPM). All ICC (0.90-0.98) and CV (4.23-7.41%) were acceptable, except for tibia-mounted IMU braking peak force (CV = 12.44%) and impulse (CV = 18.17%) and trunk vertical impulse (CV = 17.93%). Bland-Altman plots revealed wide limits of agreement between discrete IMU force signatures and force plate GRF. The 1D SPM outlined numerous significant (p < 0.01) differences between trunk- and tibia-located IMU-derived measures and force plate GRF traces in vertical and braking (horizontal) planes. The trunk- and tibia-mounted IMUs appeared to not represent the GRF experienced during pace bowling FFC when compared to a gold-standard force plate.

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Assessment of Workload and its Effects on Performance and Injury in Elite Cricket Fast Bowlers

Cited by 36 publications

References 24 publications

The Relationship Between Variables in Wearable Microtechnology Devices and Cricket Fast-Bowling Intensity

The Relationship Between Variables in Wearable Microtechnology Devices and Cricket Fast-Bowling Intensity

Incidence and prevalence of lumbar stress fracture in English County Cricket fast bowlers, association with bowling workload and seasonal variation

The relationship between inertial measurement unit-derived ‘force signatures’ and ground reaction forces during cricket pace bowling

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