Assessment strategies and decision making in male–male contests of Servaea incana jumping spiders

Aggressiveness as a component of fighting ability in pigs using a game-theoretical framework

“…The fact that some contests did not escalate is something that should be taken into account as it may comprise a substantial part of the sample size. For example, Stuart-Fox (2006) reported that in only 42 of 107 contests did both opponents escalate to biting and McGinley et al (2015) reported that in only 34 of the 85 contests did the opponents come into contact. These high frequencies of nonescalated contests may point out that conflict avoidance is an important strategy which deserves further research attention.…”

“…These high frequencies of nonescalated contests may point out that conflict avoidance is an important strategy which deserves further research attention. McGinley et al (2015) recently questioned the validity of using total contest duration as a surrogate measure for contest cost. Results from this study add to those concerns.…”

“…Garcia et al, 2012;Jennings, Elwood, Carlin, Hayden, & Gammell, 2012;Kasumovic, Mason, Andrade, & Elias, 2011;Lopes Junior & Cardoso Peixoto, 2013;McGinley, Prenter, & Taylor, 2015;Painting & Holwell, 2014;Palaoro, Dalosto, Costa, & Santos, 2014;Reichert & Gerhardt, 2011;Yasuda, Takeshita, & Wada, 2012). However, these studies have focused on morphological traits related to RHP.…”

“…The traditional measure of contest cost, namely contest duration, has been criticized as providing only a poor proxy for actual fight cost (e.g. McGinley et al, 2015). Therefore, in addition to using measures of duration, we also quantified the physiological costs of fighting in terms of lactate accumulation and glucose levels as has previously been advocated (e.g.…”

Complex contests and the influence of aggressiveness in pigs

“…More detailed analysis of contests, for example inclusion of physiological measures or analysis by phases of escalation (e.g. Hsu, Lee, Chen, Yang & Cheng, 2008;Vieira & Peixoto, 2013;McGinley, Prenter, & Taylor, 2015), can deepen our understanding of contest behaviour (e.g. Jennings, 2014;Schnell, Smith, Hanlon, & Harcourt, 2015).…”