Assistência de enfermagem e dor em pacientes ortopédicos na recuperação anestésica, no Brasil

Abstract

Rev Dor. São Paulo, 2011 jul-set;12(3):265-69 RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor traz prejuí-zos na recuperação do paciente submetido à cirurgia ortopédica. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as informações relacionadas à experiência dolorosa de pacientes em pós-operatório de cirurgias ortopédicas na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica (SRPA) que podem contribuir para a assistência de Enfermagem. CONTEÚDO: Trata-se de estudo com abordagem qualitativa, as fontes para a coleta das informações foram as bases de dados da plataforma da BIREME, os objetos foram artigos que atenderam aos seguintes critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos, a coleta ocorreu mediante busca on-line, a abordagem das informações foi realizada pelo método da Hermenêutica Dialética. SUMMARY BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Pain is noxious for the recovery of patients submitted to orthopedic surgery. This study aimed at describing information on the pain experience of patients in the postoperative period of orthopedic surgeries in the post-anesthetic recovery unit (PACU), which may be useful for the Nursing assistance. CONTENTS: This is a qualitative study using BIREME's platform databases to collect information. The aims were articles meeting the following and previously established inclusion criteria and data were collected by online search. Information was approached by the Dialectic Hermeneutics method. After this approach, the following categories were surveyed: "Regional anesthesia decreases postoperative pain in orthopedic surgeries", "Therapy for postoperative pain of orthopedic surgeries", "Evaluation helps pain management in the postoperative period of orthopedic surgeries". CONCLUSION: Postoperative pain control is important for orthopedic patients and regional anesthesia may provide preventive analgesia for the immediate postoperative period. The nursing team shall establish the nursing diagnosis and interventions shall be preceded by the evaluation of intensity, quality and factors interfering with pain felt by orthopedic patients.

Cuidado Perioperatório ortopédico: olhar do paciente, equipe de enfermagem e residentes médicos

“…No período pós-operatório, as cirurgias ortopédicas estão diretamente associadas com a dor de intensidade moderada a forte. A experiência dolorosa, neste período, é citada pelos pacientes, por isso, é necessária uma atenção especial para a analgesia a ser administrada (PAULA et al, 2011).…”

“…Os benefícios da analgesia adequada são certos, uma vez que, esta melhora a qualidade do atendimento, proporciona maior bem estar ao paciente, controla o estresse físico e permite avanços em sua recuperação (PAULA et al, 2011;GIANCOLI et al, 2012).…”

Gerenciamento da dor no pós-operatório de pacientes com câncer pela enfermagem

“…Qualified professionals to control pain have higher possibilities of assuring a more humanized assistance to patients. The holistic care involving pain management of cancer patients submitted to surgery involves the need for consideration of biological, emotional and behavioral aspects of such patients 5,10 : "Pain is considered a syndrome resulting from physical and emotional aspects which have to be taken care of " 11 . The consideration exposed by the authors is confirmed by the statement that the development of resilience in the abilities of being, having, being able to and wanting to, contributing for a reflection about cancer patients' assistance 12 .…”

“…Cancer pain control should be evaluated in a unique way, being individual for each patient and with responsibility, for the assistance to be adequate. When dealing with aspects involving pain management teaching as the fifth vital sign, the qualification of professors and students about the subject significantly contributes for pain management 5 . So, in this category, it has been observed that nursing care with regard to pain involves the consideration of the subjectivity of pain perception by cancer patients.…”

“…Its management by the PE team is fundamentally based on evaluation, starting with patient admission to the preoperative period throughout the whole surgical experience, aiming at, first, postoperative pain prevention and, second, its adequate management according to the subjectivity and previous history of disease and pain of those patients 3,4 . Efforts should be made to train nursing professionals in the management of painful patients 5 . It is clear the need for further efforts of the nursing team with regard to improving the management of pain as the fifth vital sign.…”