Associação entre composição domiciliar e consumo alimentar em adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente a associação entre composição domiciliar e consumo alimentar em adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de revisão sistemática da literatura. A busca dos artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE via PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Embase e Scopus. Os artigos foram avaliados por meio do Research Triangle Institute (RTI) Item Bank sobre risco de viés e acurácia de estudos observacionais. Foram avaliados estudos observacionais com adolescentes (10-19 anos de idade). Resultados: Dos 2.324 artigos encontrados, 11 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, 9 de delineamento transversal e 2 longitudinais. Quanto à avaliação do consumo alimentar, foram avaliadas as frequências de: jantar em família, consumo de café da manhã, consumo de refeições, omissão do café da manhã, consumo de grupos alimentares, número de refeições realizadas durante o dia, assim como densidade energética de grupos alimentares e o Índice de Alimentação Saudável. Observou-se que adolescentes que moravam com ambos os pais apresentaram maior frequência de consumo do café da manhã e maior consumo de vegetais. Preferências alimentares mais positivas e saudáveis foram mais frequentes entre adolescentes que residiam em famílias nucleares. Por outro lado, consumo irregular de café da manhã e consumo de marcadores de alimentação não saudável foram mais frequentes entre adolescentes residentes em domicílios monoparentais, com família reconstituída e famílias extensas. Conclusão: Adolescentes que moravam com ambos os pais apresentaram melhor consumo alimentar. Ressalta-se a necessidade de considerar a composição domiciliar ao planejar programas de promoção da alimentação saudável entre adolescentes.

Association of household composition with dietary patterns among adolescents in Brazil

“…In their systematic review, Leite et al . (12) found consistency in the findings of the studies, despite the diversity of categorisation of the household composition across the different studies.…”

“…Furthermore, the questions used to characterise the household composition do not allow the distinction between biological parents and foster parents. However, the assessment of household composition is similar to the classification identified in other studies that assess the association between household composition and food consumption among adolescents (12,26,40) . Another question, used to estimate household size and considered in the adjustment of the analysis model, only allows assessing how many people live in the household, making it impossible to identify the degree of kinship with the adolescent.…”

“…Thus, it appears that household composition is complex to be evaluated, and therefore a more detailed and standardised classification system is needed. In their systematic review, Leite et al (12) found consistency in the findings of the studies, despite the diversity of categorisation of the household composition across the different studies.…”

“…In systematic review studies, parental eating behaviours are associated with adolescents' unhealthy (10) and healthy (11) eating behaviours alike. Leite et al (12) , in a recent systematic review, found that adolescents who lived with both parents had a higher frequency of breakfast consumption and higher consumption of vegetables; also, adolescents from nuclear families had healthier food preferences. By contrast, irregular breakfast consumption and consumption of unhealthy food markers were more frequent among adolescents from single-parent families, reconstituted families and extended families (12) .…”

Relationship of household composition with sedentary behavior and eating habits of 102,072 adolescents: A representative sample of Brazil (PeNSE Study)

“…A systematic review reported that adolescents who live with both parents showed most positive and healthy eating habits, such as higher breakfast frequency and higher vegetables consumption than those who lived in single-parent households, highlighting the importance of household composition for healthy eating promotion in youth population (Leite et al, 2021). A recent study of Souza et al (Souza et al, 2023) investigated the association of household composition with healthy and unhealthy eating habits according to younger (11-14 years) and older (15-19 years) adolescents, reporting that those adolescents from single-parent household had lower adherence to healthy dietary patterns and higher adherence to unhealthy dietary patterns.…”