Abstract:Ef ferent auditory pathways modulate outer hair cells of the cochlea, protect against noise, and improve the detection of sound sources in noisy environments. Genotoxicity is DNA damage.
Aim:To study the association between auditory pathway efferent functions with genotoxic markers. The study also considered smoking and gender as two main variables.
Methods:A prospective-clinical, quantitative, cross-sectional, contemporary study. The function of efferent auditory pathways and genotoxicity tests in 60 healthy … Show more
“…Each slide was analyzed under a light microscope and the cells were classified according to the image, based on four classes of damage proposed by García and coworkers [33] and illustrated by Fronza and collaborators [47], ranging from 0 (no damage) to 4 (maximum injury), but also including cellular apoptosis rating.…”
Essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus presents several pharmacological properties. However, their therapeutic efficacy may be affected by limitations due to several conditions, rendering it difficult to obtain stable and effective pharmaceutical formulations. The use of nanotechnology is an alternative to improve their characteristics aiming to ensure their stability and effectiveness. Furthermore, studies about the possible toxic effects of nanostructures are necessary to evaluate safety when the formulation comes into contact with human cells. Hence, in this paper, we evaluate for the first time the stability and in vitro cytogenotoxicity of nanoemulsions containing Eucalyptus globulus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. As a result, the stability study found that the best condition for storage up to 90 days was refrigeration (4°C); it was the condition that best preserved the nanometric features. The content of the major compounds of oil was maintained after nanoencapsulation and preserved over time. In tests to evaluate the safety of this formulation, we can conclude that, at a low concentration (approximately 0.1%), Eucalyptus globulus nanoemulsion did not cause toxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and also showed a protective effect in cells against possible damage when compared to oil in free form.
“…Each slide was analyzed under a light microscope and the cells were classified according to the image, based on four classes of damage proposed by García and coworkers [33] and illustrated by Fronza and collaborators [47], ranging from 0 (no damage) to 4 (maximum injury), but also including cellular apoptosis rating.…”
Essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus presents several pharmacological properties. However, their therapeutic efficacy may be affected by limitations due to several conditions, rendering it difficult to obtain stable and effective pharmaceutical formulations. The use of nanotechnology is an alternative to improve their characteristics aiming to ensure their stability and effectiveness. Furthermore, studies about the possible toxic effects of nanostructures are necessary to evaluate safety when the formulation comes into contact with human cells. Hence, in this paper, we evaluate for the first time the stability and in vitro cytogenotoxicity of nanoemulsions containing Eucalyptus globulus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. As a result, the stability study found that the best condition for storage up to 90 days was refrigeration (4°C); it was the condition that best preserved the nanometric features. The content of the major compounds of oil was maintained after nanoencapsulation and preserved over time. In tests to evaluate the safety of this formulation, we can conclude that, at a low concentration (approximately 0.1%), Eucalyptus globulus nanoemulsion did not cause toxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and also showed a protective effect in cells against possible damage when compared to oil in free form.
“…The “cometa” cells, so called because they have the shape of a comet, dyed with silver nitrate, were analyzed in a regular light microscope and classified according to the size of the tail in relation to the head ( Figure 1 ) 8 : Class 0 (ID0): without a tail (no damage); Class 1 (ID1): with a small tail, smaller than the head diameter; Class 2 (ID2): the tail length is one to two times the diameter of the head; Class 3 (ID3): with a tail longer than twice the head diameter; Class 4 (ID4): longer and spreader tail (resembling a fan) than class 3; Apoptosis: no nucleus. Figure 1 DNA damage classification of the guinea pigs analyzed (Fronza, 2010) 17 . …”
To understand how the DNA answers to external agents such as cisplatin may be relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of hearing disorders caused by the administration of such drug.
Objectives
To investigate the cisplatin influence on the cochlea and DNA of guinea pigs.
Material and Methods
Experimental study carried out with 12 guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). The inclusion criterion was the presence of Preyer's reflex and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions. Guinea pigs were divided into two groups: Control Group (CG) - made up of six guinea pigs, to which we administrated saline solution during six consecutive days, intraperitoneally; and a Study Group (SG) - made up of six guinea pigs, to which we administrated cisplatin during six consecutive doses of 3mg/kg/day intraperitoneally. Twenty-four hours after the last administration of cisplatin the guinea pigs were slaughtered, blood samples were collected and the cochleae were removed.
Results
The administration of cisplatin did not cause identifiable changes to the DNA. Histological analysis showed changes in the organ of Corti and spiral ganglion.
Conclusion
Cisplatin causes changes in cochlear histology, such as the loss of the normal microcytoarchitecture of the organ of Corti, and reduction of neurons of the spiral ganglion with cell alterations, however, DNA damage was not detected.
“…We will select and analysis images of 100 cells from each sample according to tail length from 0 (no migration) to 4 (maximal migration), resulting in single DNA damage score (DNA damage index) [ 34 ]. Two different evaluators will analyze the slides under blind conditions [ 35 ]. Micronuclei analysis will be performed in peripheral blood lymphocytes as previously described [ 36 ].…”
Background
Evidence has shown that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease present significant deficits in the control of postural balance when compared to healthy subjects. In view of this, it is pertinent to investigate the effects of different therapeutic strategies used alone or in association with pulmonary rehabilitation with the potential to improve postural balance and other outcomes with clinical significance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study will investigate the effects of an 8-week (short-term) multimodal exercise program [inspiratory muscle training (IMT) plus neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)] on postural balance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease enrolled in a pulmonary rehabilitation program compared to individualized addition of IMT or NMES to pulmonary rehabilitation or standard pulmonary rehabilitation.
Methods
This is a randomized, single-blind, 4-parallel-group trial. Forty patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease will be included prospectively to this study during a pulmonary rehabilitation program. Patients will be randomly assigned to one of four groups: multimodal exercise program (IMT + NMES + pulmonary rehabilitation group) or (IMT + pulmonary rehabilitation group) or (NMES + pulmonary rehabilitation group) or standard pulmonary rehabilitation group. Patients will receive two sessions per week for 8 weeks. The primary outcome will be static postural balance and secondary outcomes will include as follows: static and dynamic postural balance, fear of falling, muscle strength and endurance (peripheral and respiratory), functional capacity, health-related quality of life, muscle architecture (quadriceps femoris and diaphragm), and laboratory biomarkers.
Discussion
This randomized clinical trial will investigate the effects of adding of short-term multimodal exercise program, in addition to pulmonary rehabilitation program, in postural balance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease enrolled in a pulmonary rehabilitation. Furthermore, this randomized control trial will enable important directions regarding the effectiveness of short-term intervention as part of the need to expand the focus of pulmonary rehabilitation to include balance management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients which will be generated.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04387318. Registered on May 13, 2020.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
