Association between Age at Menarche and Hypertension among Females in Southern China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background Association between age at menarche (AAM) and hypertension remains a controversial topic, and data in China were sparse. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between AAM and hypertension in Chinese female population. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 5,102 females aged ≥15 years were enrolled. Self-reported AAM was assessed by the questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and AAM. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between hypertension and AAM. Generalized additive model (GAM) and smooth curve fitting (penalized spline method) were conducted to explore the exact shape of curve between them. Results The overall mean of AAM was 15.5 years. Each additional year of AAM was associated with a 15% higher risk of hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.19). Among females with hypertension, there was a significant positive association between AAM and SBP (β = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.29–1.46) and DBP (β = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.47–1.13). A significantly higher risk of hypertension was found in younger subjects (15–44 y: OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.21–1.55; P for interaction = 0.009) compared with those aged between 62 and 97 y.Conclusions AAM was positively associated with hypertension and blood pressure, especially among females in early adulthood from southern China.

Baseline audiological profiling of South African females with cervical cancer: an important attribute for assessing cisplatin-associated ototoxicity

“…The sloping configuration of the audiological patterns is congruent with other test findings and the demographic and medical profile of the participants. These findings are in agreement with previous reports, as with increasing age [ 43 ], hypertension [ 22 ], diabetes [ 44 ], HIV [ 41 ], and the use of ototoxic medication [ 3 ], a high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss is initially evident.…”

“…The higher percentage of individuals presenting with sensorineural hearing loss (96%) may be explained by the fact that more than 60% of participants were HIV positive currently being treated with ARTs, which are considered ototoxic [ 3 ]. Additionally, other co-morbidities, including diabetes and/or hypertension [ 22 , 45 , 47 – 49 ], as well as aging [ 43 ], are all well-known to affect cochlear functioning, which consequently results in sensorineural hearing loss. Hence, indicating that this cohort of participants is at a higher risk for permanent hearing loss.…”

“…Further complicating this disease profile is the increasing incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) [ 18 ], including type 2 diabetes and hypertension [ 19 ], which are more prevalent than the country's BRICS counterparts, i.e., Brazil, Russia, India, and China [ 20 ]. Therefore, there is an increased likelihood of cervical cancer patients presenting with other co-morbidities, which may also have an impact on hearing abilities, as individuals with diabetes[ 21 ] and hypertension [ 22 ] have also been found to present with reduced hearing sensitivity at all frequencies.…”

Prevalence and Predictors of Pre-Existing Hypertension among Prenatal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ghana

“…In a univariate analysis, potential confounders were added into the logistic regression model, any variable that predicted preexisting was retained in the multiple logistic regression, significance was set at α = 0.05 for all the analyses, except for age. Although the P-value of age was greater than 0.05, we retained in the model given it importance as a confounder and its association with preexisting hypertension (20,21). We conducted a sensitivity analysis and found it to be significantly important in the model.…”

Programozás és átprogramozás fogamzástól mindhalálig

“…A korai menarche összefüggött az asthma megjelenésével. Az átlagos menarcheidő 15,5 év volt, s minden + év esetében 15%-kal nőtt a hypertonia fellépésének rizikója (felnőttben), főleg nők esetében [30,31]. A korai pubertás együtt járt a cardiovascularis betegségek kockázatának növekedésével, felnőttkorban [32].…”