Association between atherogenic index of plasma and coronary artery calcification progression in Korean adults

Abstract

Background: Dyslipidemia is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recently, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been proposed as a novel predictive marker for CVD, and few cross sectional studies have demonstrated a relationship between AIP and coronary artery disease. The present study investigated the association between AIP and the progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in Korean adults without CVD. Methods: A total of 1124 participants who had undergone CAC measurement at least twice by multi-detector computed tomography (CT) at a health checkup center were enrolled. Their anthropometric measurements and various cardiovascular risk factors were assessed. AIP was defined as the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the concentration of triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). CAC progression was defined as either incident CAC in a CAC-free population at baseline, or an increase of ≥2.5 units between the square roots of the baseline and follow-up coronary artery calcium scores (CACS) in subjects with detectable CAC at baseline. Results: CAC progression was observed in 290 subjects (25.8%) during the mean follow-up of 4.2 years. All subjects were stratified into three groups according to AIP. There were significant differences in cardiovascular parameters among groups at baseline. The follow-up CAC and the incidence of CAC progression increased gradually with rising AIP tertiles. In logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for CAC progression was 2.27 when comparing the highest to the lowest tertile of AIP (95% CI: 1.61-3.19; P for trend < 0.01). However, this association was attenuated after adjustment for multiple risk factors (P for trend = 0.67). Conclusions: There is a significant correlation between AIP and the progression of CAC in subjects without CVD. Although AIP was not an independent predictor of CAC progression, AIP should be considered when estimating the current as well as future CVD risk, along with other traditional risk factors.

Atherogenic index of plasma is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Furthermore, AIP can provide information on the severity of insulin resistance [10], which is associated with impaired glucose metabolism. Recently, AIP was reported as a novel independent prognostic biomarker of coronary artery disease [11][12][13][14][15] and arterial stiffness [16] beyond traditional risk factors.…”

Prognostic impact of the atherogenic index of plasma in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

“…Intriguingly, Frohlich J et al found that the AIP was an independent predictor of angiographically defined CAD only when FER (HDL) was omitted from multivariate analysis, which may be due to a clear internal correlation between the AIP and FER (HDL) [ 20 ]. Moreover, Nam JS et al found that there is a significant correlation between the AIP and the progression of coronary artery calcification measured by using multidetector computed tomography in subjects without cardiovascular disease [ 31 ]. Furthermore, in a prospective cohort study including 2676 middle-aged adults followed for 7.8 years, researchers demonstrated that the top quartiles of the AIP predicted significantly age-adjusted incident CAD in both sexes, more strongly in women, after adjustment for C-reactive protein and traditional risk factors [ 21 ].…”

“…As a consequence, AIP can be presumed to reflect the lipid characteristics of diabetic patients. Recently, AIP has been demonstrated to be associated with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population and different patient groups [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. However, the prognostic impact of AIP on admission among T2DM patients with ACS undergoing PCI has not been exclusively studied.…”

Prognostic impact of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

“…Intriguingly, Frohlich J, et al found that AIP was an independent predictor of angiographically de ned CAD only when FER(HDL) was omitted from multivariate analysis, which may be due to a clear internal correlation between AIP and FER(HDL) [17]. Moreover, Nam JS, et al found that there is a signi cant correlation between AIP and the progression of coronary artery calci cation measured by using a multi-detector computed tomography in subjects without cardiovascular disease [28]. Furthermore, in a prospective cohort study including 2676 middle-aged adults followed for 7.8 years, researchers demonstrated that the top quartiles of AIP predicted signi cantly age-adjusted incident CAD in both sexes, more strongly in women, after adjustment for C-reactive protein and traditional risk factors [18].…”

“…As a consequence, we presume that AIP can better re ect the lipid characteristics of diabetic patients. Recently, AIP has been demonstrated to be associated with CV morbidity and mortality in general population and different patients groups [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. However, the prognostic impact of AIP on admission among T2DM patients with ACS undergoing PCI has not been exclusively studied.…”