Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Older Adults

Abstract

Background: Little is known about the relationship between non-exercise-based estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korea. The current study examined the prognostic role of eCRF in the risk stratification of MetS in a representative sample of Korean older adults (1822 men and 3069 women). Methods: The data used in the current study were extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys IV and V. eCRF was obtained using a previously validated algorithm. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program definition with the acceptance of a Korean-specific waist circumference cutoff point. Results: Lower eCRF was significantly correlated with abnormalities in several components of MetS, including abdominal obesity, elevated glucose, elevated triglycerides, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, there was an inverse linear relationship between MetS prevalence and eCRF levels; higher eCRF was significantly and independently associated with lower prevalence of MetS. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that eCRF can be adopted as a prognostic measure in determining the risk for MetS for elderly persons.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic risk in Chinese population: evidence from a prospective cohort study

“…Evidence on estimated CRF and metabolic health is scarce. In cross-sectional studies including Korean adults and older adults, estimated CRF was independently and inversely associated with the prevalence of MetS in both men and women [ 50 , 51 ]. Compared with quartile 1, HRs (95% CI) of quartiles 2, 3, and 4 were 0.75 (0.61–0.91), 0.54 (0.43–0.68), and 0.42 (0.32–0.55), respectively, during a 6 years’ follow-up in rural Chinese population [ 52 ].…”

Metabolic syndrome and transaminases: systematic review and meta-analysis

“…ALT may be significantly associated with the presence of MetS. Men MetS + 27.7 ± 7.5 (ALT) MetS- 24.4 ± 8.9 (ALT) Women MetS + 22.3 ± 9.5 (ALT) MetS- 17.4 ± 7.6 (ALT) Kim, et al, 2022, Korea [ 28 ]. Cross sectional study 19 Men MetS + 68.5 ± 6.1 MetS- 69.5 ± 6.3 Women MetS + 69.3 ± 6.1 MetS- 68.8 ± 6.4 Men 583/1106 Total 1689 Women 1299/1493 Total 2792 Harmonised criteria Elevated ALT and AST levels in MetS + subjects.…”

“…Most papers (82.35%) [ 25 , 26 , 29 – 40 ] included participants of both sexes but analysed the data globally; 3 studies (17.65%) [ 24 , 27 , 28 ] collected data from men and women separately. Concerning origin, 5 articles were developed in China [ 27 , 31 , 37 , 38 , 40 ], 5 in Japan [ 26 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 37 ], three articles in Taiwan [ 25 , 30 , 39 ], 1 in Italy [ 24 ], 1 in Poland [ 33 ], Korea [ 28 ] and Iran [ 29 ]. Data were extracted from 17 reports from ALT [ 24 – 40 ], 15 studies from AST [ 25 , 26 , 28 – 40 ], and five from GGT [ 25 , 26 , 29 , 31 , 32 ].…”

“…Concerning origin, 5 articles were developed in China [ 27 , 31 , 37 , 38 , 40 ], 5 in Japan [ 26 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 37 ], three articles in Taiwan [ 25 , 30 , 39 ], 1 in Italy [ 24 ], 1 in Poland [ 33 ], Korea [ 28 ] and Iran [ 29 ]. Data were extracted from 17 reports from ALT [ 24 – 40 ], 15 studies from AST [ 25 , 26 , 28 – 40 ], and five from GGT [ 25 , 26 , 29 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Quality of Life in the Elderly

“…Cardiorespiratory fitness is defined as the respiratory and circulatory capacity that delivers oxygen to the skeletal muscles for energy production during physical activity (Kim, 2022). The assessment instrument used was the Six Minute Walking Test.…”