Association between dairy intake, lipids and vascular structure and function in diabetes

Abstract

AIMTo determine lipid species that change in response to a change in dairy consumption. In addition, to investigate whether dairy associated lipid species are correlated with changes in measures of vascular structure and function.METHODSA 12-mo randomised controlled trial was conducted to determine the effect of increased consumption of fruit, vegetables and dairy, compared to usual diet, on measures of vascular structure and function in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (n = 108). This paper comprises post-hoc analyses investigating the relationship between dairy intake, serum lipid species and vascular health. Central and peripheral blood pressure, carotid femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, serum lipid species and dietary intake were measured at baseline and 3-mo. Common carotid artery intima media thickness was measured at baseline and 12-mo.RESULTSSerum lipid species [lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 14:0, LPC 15:0, LPC 16:1, phosphatidylcholine (PC) 29:0 PC 30:0, PC 31:0 and cholesterol ester (CE) 14:0] were associated with the change in full fat dairy consumption (rho 0.19-0.25; P < 0.05). The 3-mo change in some lipids was positively associated with the 3-mo change in central systolic [LPC 14:0 (rho 0.30; P = 0.007), PC 30:0 (rho 0.28; P = 0.010)] and diastolic blood pressure [LPC 14:0 (rho 0.32; P = 0.004), LPC 15:0 (rho 0.23; P = 0.04), LPC 16:1 (rho 0.23; P = 0.035), PC 29:0 (rho 0.28; P = 0.01), PC 30:0 (rho 0.36; P = 0.001), PC 31:0 (rho 0.30; P = 0.007)] and 12-mo change in common carotid artery intimal medial thickness [CE 14:0 (rho 0.22; P = 0.02)]. Pulse wave velocity and augmentation index were unrelated to dairy and lipid species.CONCLUSIONAn increase in dairy associated lipids appears to be associated with an increase in blood pressure and common carotid intimal medial thickness.

Serum lysophospholipidome of dietary origin as a suitable susceptibility/risk biomarker of human hypercholesterolemia: A cross-sectional study

“…We found lyso-PC 15:0 as the most discriminating lyso form in the MH-LDL-c group. This finding was accompanied by strong positive associations with classical lipidrelated markers such as TC, LDL-cholesterol and the atherogenic index LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, which is similar to previous human studies reporting a link for lyso-PC 15:0 to the incidence of type 2 diabetes [28] and increased diastolic BP [29]. Nonetheless, our finding provides an added link of lyso-PC 15:0 to lipid disorder highlighting its possible role as susceptibility/risk biomarker for HC.…”

An Updated Review of Lysophosphatidylcholine Metabolism in Human Diseases

“…Interestingly, several recent lipidomic profiling studies showed a negative correlation between LDL levels and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases [ 51 , 52 , 53 ]. In addition, diabetes is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases; however, conflicting results have been reported on the correlation of LPC and diseases [ 4 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ].…”

Lipidomic profiling identifies signatures of metabolic risk

“…Furthermore, higher levels of circulating LPC could reflect a lower rate of atherogenic lysophosphatidic acid production via autotaxin-mediated LPC hydrolysis, thus conferring a net protective effect on CVD [38] . Therefore, in conjunction with recent epidemiological evidence associating dairy consumption with changes in circulating LPC 17:0 [39] , an abundance of genetic, epidemiologic, functional, and biochemical data implicating LPCs in CVD suggest that mechanistically understanding the enzyme kinetics and complexities of LPC metabolism may highlight promising therapeutic targets.…”