Association between Dietary Carotenoid Intake and Bone Mineral Density in Korean Adults Aged 30–75 Years Using Data from the Fourth and Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2008–2011)

Abstract

Age-related bone loss is a major public health problem. This cross-sectional study examined the association between the dietary intake of carotenoids and bone mineral density (BMD). Data from 8022 subjects (3763 males and 4259 females) aged 30–75 years included in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2011) were analyzed. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Intake of carotenoids was estimated using 24-h dietary recall. In multiple linear analysis, after adjusting for covariates, lutein + zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin intake was positively associated with total hip BMD in males and premenopausal women respectively, while β-carotene intake was positively correlated with femoral neck, total hip, and whole-body BMD in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women in the highest quintile of daily β-carotene intake, showed a lower risk of osteopenia at the lumbar spine (odds ratio (OR): 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16–0.79, P for trend = 0.009) than those in the lowest quintile, after adjusting for covariates. Daily β-cryptoxanthin intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of osteopenia at the total hip (OR per 1 mg/day increase: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59–0.97), and lumbar spine (OR per 1 mg/day increase: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.70–0.89) in postmenopausal women. These results suggest that the dietary intake of β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin may have a positive effect on bone health.

The prevalence of histologic atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in the corpus has decreased over 15 years in females in the Korean population

“…36 In addition, the Korean national health and nutrition examination surveys among three groups, men, menopausal women, and postmenopausal women, showed that men's dietary carotenoid intake was the lowest. 57 Since fruits and vegetables are the main sources of dietary carotenoids, this study was consistent with the above findings that men consume less dietary fruits and vegetables than women. This difference in diet might explain the results in our study, with a significant decrease in prevalence and grades of atrophy/IM in the corpus only in females.…”

“…In the study of dietary intake of phytonutrients in relation to fruit and vegetable consumption in Korea, a higher proportion of women than men met the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables . In addition, the Korean national health and nutrition examination surveys among three groups, men, menopausal women, and postmenopausal women, showed that men's dietary carotenoid intake was the lowest . Since fruits and vegetables are the main sources of dietary carotenoids, this study was consistent with the above findings that men consume less dietary fruits and vegetables than women.…”

Mitochondrial DNA mutation m.3243A>G is associated with altered mitochondrial function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with heteroplasmy levels and with clinical phenotypes

“…In addition, Ma et al [11] reported a link between heteroplasmy levels in urine sediment and the common clinical phenotypes of m.3243A>G mutation carriers. vitamins and carotenoids) may have positive effects on bone health [36], they may hold therapeutic promise for osteopenia or osteoporosis in the m.3243A>G mutation carriers. In addition, we are the first to report a positive correlation between levels of glycated albumin and heteroplasmy levels of the mutant mtDNA.…”

“…Given that antioxidants (e.g. vitamins and carotenoids) may have positive effects on bone health [36], they may hold therapeutic promise for osteopenia or osteoporosis in the m.3243A>G mutation carriers. Moreover, measurement of BMD would appear to be valuable in the clinical management of m.3243A>G mutation carriers.…”

The Effect of Lutein on Eye and Extra-Eye Health

“…Furthermore, no univocal data concerning the appropriate dosage for possible L supplementation had been found [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. More recently, a number of studies have suggested that L may indeed have favorable effects via anti-inflammatory activity [ 39 ], improving cognitive functions [ 40 ], and decreasing the risk of cancer [ 41 ], cardiovascular diseases [ 39 ] and other systemic conditions [ 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Overall, it seems that the amount of L intake, including by supplementation, may partly counter inflammatory processes and favor human health, but inconsistencies still remain.…”