Association between dietary inflammatory index and prostate cancer among Italian men

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that various dietary components may be implicated in the aetiology of prostate cancer, although the results remain equivocal. The possible relationship of inflammation derived from dietary exposures with prostate cancer risk has not been investigated. We examined the ability of a newly developed dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict prostate cancer risk in a case–control study conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2002. A total of 1294 patients aged <75 years with incident, histologically confirmed carcinoma of the prostate served as cases. A total of 1451 subjects aged <75 years who were admitted to the same hospitals as cases for a wide spectrum of acute, non-neoplastic conditions served as controls. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed using a previously validated seventy-eight-item FFQ. Logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable OR adjusted for age, study centre, years of education, social class, BMI, smoking status, family history of prostate cancer and total energy intake. Men with higher DII scores had a higher risk of prostate cancer when analysed using the DII as both continuous (OR 1·06, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·13) and categorical, i.e. compared with men in the lowest quartile of the DII, men in the third and fourth quartiles were at elevated risk (ORQuartile 3 v. 1 1·32, 95 % CI 1·03, 1·69 and ORQuartile 4 v. 1 1·33, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·76; Ptrend = 0·04). These data suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet, as indicated by the increasing DII score, is a risk factor of prostate cancer in Italian men.

Diet-related inflammation and oesophageal cancer by histological type: a nationwide case–control study in Sweden

“…sugar-sweetened) drinks [34,35], and processed meat [36,37] have been associated with pro-inflammatory properties. The results of diet analyses based on DII scores in the present study are consistent with those of previous studies addressing other cancer outcomes [38][39][40]. However, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine inflammation as regards whole diet and risk of oesophageal cancer.…”

Prospective association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and mortality: modulation by antioxidant supplementation in the SU.VI.MAX randomized controlled trial

“…Of these, one showed positive associations with lung cancer risk (17), 3 with colorectal cancer risk (19,23,25), and another with CVD risk (14). In addition, nonprospective case-control investigations found positive associations with colorectal (22,27), prostate (20,28), esophageal (13,29), and pancreatic (21) cancers and asthma (26). However, no relation has been observed between the DII and breast cancer (16).…”

Association between inflammatory potential of diet and mortality among women in the Swedish Mammography Cohort

“…Thus far, the DII has been found to be associated with C-reactive protein [24,25], interleukin-6 [26][27][28], and homocysteine [26]. Additionally, DII has been shown to be associated with glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia components of the metabolic syndrome [25,29], anthropometric measurements in Spain [30], asthma in Australia [28], respiratory conditions in Italy [31], bone mineral density among postmenopausal women in Iran [28], colorectal cancer in two case-control studies in Spain and Italy [32,33], and three cohort studies in the USA [34][35][36], pancreatic [37], prostate [38,39] and esophageal cancers [40,41] and mortality in a cohort among US women [42].…”