Association between Dietary Patterns and Kidney Function Parameters in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

This study explored the association between dietary patterns and kidney function parameters in adults with metabolic syndrome in Taiwan. This cross-sectional study was undertaken in 56,476 adults from the health screening centers in Taiwan from 2001 to 2010. Dietary intake and dietary patterns were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and principal component analysis, respectively. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and uric acid were measured as clinical parameters of kidney function. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and kidney function parameters. After adjusting for confounders, the highest tertiles of the processed food–sweets dietary pattern and the meat–seafood–eggs dietary pattern were associated with increased BUN, creatinine, and uric acid but decreased eGFR (all adjusted p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the highest tertiles of the veggie–fruit–grains dietary pattern and the milk–dairy dietary pattern were associated with decreased BUN, creatinine, and uric acid but increased eGFR (all adjusted p < 0.05). A processed food–sweets dietary pattern or a meat–seafood–eggs dietary pattern is associated with worse kidney function parameters in adults with metabolic syndrome. In contrast, a veggie–fruit–grains dietary pattern or a milk–dairy dietary pattern is associated with better kidney function parameters.

Dietary patterns, uric acid levels, and hyperuricemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…A total of 28 248 articles ( published between 2003 and 2023) were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE (Table S1 †). After removing duplicates, screening titles and abstracts, and conducting full-text screening, 41 studies were included in this analysis with four cohort studies, [36][37][38][39] three case-control studies, 18,20,40 25 cross-sectional studies, 8,9,15,19,21,22,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] and nine interventional studies. 16,17,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66] The characteristics of the included studies are presented in Table 1.…”

Metabolic Syndrome-Related Kidney Injury: A Review and Update

“…Lifestyle interventions have always been important means of control MetS, including changing dietary patterns, focusing on a veggie–fruit–grains dietary pattern ( 111 ), adhering to aerobic exercise, a diet rich in medium-chain fatty acids and short-chain fatty acids, reasonable sleep, smoking cessation, and avoiding excessive intake of coffee. A study found that excessive coffee consumption (≥3 cups/day) increased the incidence of MetS by 1.5 times ( 112 ).…”

“…Studies have found that after dietary restriction or dietary restriction combined with aerobic exercise, serum creatinine and albuminuria decreased, GFR increased, renal hemodynamics improved, and the risk of kidney stone formation reduced with weight loss ( 81 , 113 – 115 ). A study from Taiwan showed that compared with other dietary patterns, MetS patients with veggie–fruit–grains dietary pattern had better parameters of kidney function, including lower serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and serum uric acid levels, and higher eGFR ( 111 ). A study of bariatric surgery in adolescents showed that eGFR increased by an average of 26ml/min/1.73m2 three years after surgery.…”

Exploration of the role of Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor in septic acute kidney injury

“…However, through observation, the general condition of mice is worse than before, and the in ammatory index continues to increase. It is speculated that Scr and BUN can be affected by eating and other reasons [20,21] . The SAKI group mice reduced their food intake, which was one of the reasons for the decrease of Scr and BUN.…”