Association between exonic polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigen-G gene and non-segmental vitiligo in the Korean population

Abstract

Background: Vitiligo is a pigmentary skin disorder characterised by a chronic and progressive loss of melanocytes. Although several theories have been suggested to the pathogenesis of vitiligo, an autoimmune process leading to melanocyte destruction appears most likely. Human leukocyte antigen-G is a non-classic, major histocompatibility complex Class I molecule that plays an important role in the suppression of the immune response. Several recent studies have provided evidences that polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen-G gene might be related with autoimmune diseases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to decide whether exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms in human leukocyte antigen-G contribute to the risk of developing non-segmental vitiligo in the Korean population. Methods: To evaluate the associations between exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1630223 [Ala5Ala] and rs12722477 [Leu134Ile]) of human leukocyte antigen-G and vitiligo, 244 patients with vitiligo and 398 healthy controls were recruited. Genotyping was performed using Fluidigm 192.24 Dynamic Array with EP1 (Fluidigm Corp., CA). The SNP type assay (Fluidigm Corp., CA), which employs allele-specifically designed fluorescences (FAM or VIC) primers and a common reverse primer was applied and the data were analysed using the EP1 single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyping analysis software to obtain genotype calls. Results: Two exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1630223 and rs12722477) exhibited significant associations with susceptibility and remained a statistically significant association following Bonferroni correction. These two single nucleotide polymorphisms were located within a block of linkage disequilibrium. Haplotypes G-C and A-A comprising rs1630223 and rs12722477 demonstrated a significant association with non-segmental vitiligo. Limitations: The protein expression level of patients with vitiligo and controls was not studied and a replication study of the genetic association in an independent group was not managed. Conclusion: Our results suggest that exonic human leukocyte antigen-G polymorphisms (rs1630223 and rs12722477) are associated with the development of non-segmental vitiligo.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene frequency in acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation: a case control study

“…6 Additionally, HLA-A gene polymorphism has been found to be associated with vitiligo. 7 An expression of HLA-A ⁎ 02, A ⁎ 33, and Aw ⁎ 31 was associated with an increased disease risk, while an expression of HLA-A ⁎ 09 and Aw ⁎ 19 was associated with a decreased risk. 8 Previous studies have noted the association of HLA B7 allele and the occurrence of familial LP.…”

“…Of the many genetic factors, HLA allele polymorphism, especially of HLA D including DRB, DQA, and DQB, is commonly seen in autoimmune disorders 6 . Additionally, HLA‐A gene polymorphism has been found to be associated with vitiligo 7 . An expression of HLA‐A ⁎ 02, A ⁎ 33, and Aw ⁎ 31 was associated with an increased disease risk, while an expression of HLA‐A ⁎ 09 and Aw ⁎ 19 was associated with a decreased risk 8 .…”