Association between Galectin-3 levels within central and peripheral venous blood, and adverse left ventricular remodelling after first acute myocardial infarction

Abstract

Our study investigates association between Galectin-3 levels and adverse left ventricular remodelling (LVR) at six months. Fifty-seven patients following first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were enrolled in this study and blood samples collected on day 1 from the femoral vein and artery, the right atrium near the coronary sinus and the aortic root, and on day 30, from the cubital vein. Patients with LVESV ≥20% at six months, were included in the LVR group. On day 1, Galectin-3 plasma levels in the femoral vein (10.34 ng/ml ± 3.81 vs 8.22 ng/ml ± 2.34, p = 0.01), and near coronary sinus (10.7 ng/ml ± 3.97 vs 8.41 ng/ml ± 2.56, p = 0.007) were higher in the LVR group. Positive correlations between Galectin-3 levels from aortic root and coronary sinus, aortic root and femoral vein, and coronary sinus and femoral vein, were observed in both groups. On day 30, Galectin-3 concentration in the cubital vein was an independent risk factor of LVR six months post-AMI, demonstrating 1.5-fold increased risk. Day-30 Galectin-3 also showed positive correlations with echocardiography parameters indicative of diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Determining Galectin-3 plasma concentration on day 30 following AMI could have beneficial prognostic value in predicting LVR.

Trend of Galectin-3 Levels in Patients with Non-ST-Elevation and ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

“…Therefore, it can be concluded that the values of galectin-3 on day 30 might be more relevant for the prognosis of morbidity (and probably mortality) than those on days 1 and 5. This is consistent with results of our previous study which showed that blood concentration of galectin-3 on day 30 was significant for the observed ventricular remodeling after 6 months [62]. However, further research on a larger study population is needed to monitor the outcome over a longer period of time.…”

Nomogram Containing Simple Routine Clinical and Biochemical Parameters Can Predict Pathologic Ventricular Remodeling in STEMI Patients

“…Another study assessed galectin 3 plasma levels in STEMI patients as a predictor of remodeling, defining remodeling as 20% increase in ESV from baseline in a 6-month period. Using these criteria, the incidence of remodeling was 38.6%, which is very similair to our study 20 . Also, in a study by Park et al, which included 50 patients with anterior-wall acute myocardial infarction to test whether longitudinal strain could be a useful predictor of left ventricular remodeling after reperfusion therapy in acute myocardial infarction, a 15% increase in end-diastolic diameter was used to define pathologic remodeling 21 .…”

Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for the Treatment of Inflammation-Related Conditions

“…Following AMI, inflammatory cells including macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils migrate to the infarcted myocardium to induce repair. However, the resulting inflammatory response may persist for longer than necessary and lead to further cardiac damage [ 139 ]. MSCs can potentially protect the myocardium following AMI by suppressing persistent inflammation, stimulating angiogenesis and the differentiation of fibroblasts within the infarcted region, abrogating apoptosis, and alleviating fibrosis, hence repairing the myocardium and likely preventing further cardiac dysfunction or heart failure [ 138 ].…”