Association between Genetic Variation in the Oxytocin Receptor Gene and Emotional Withdrawal, but not between Oxytocin Pathway Genes and Diagnosis in Psychotic Disorders

Haram, Marit; Tesli, Martin; Bettella, F; Djurovic, Srdjan; Andreassen, Ole A.; Melle, Ingrid

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00009

Cited by 61 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…For example, explicit learners of a sensorimotor sequence task exhibited an enhanced ERN relative to implicit learners (Russeler et al 2003). Our results are also consistent with other reports that use of correct vs error feedback differentiates implicit vs. explicit learning tasks (Morrison et al, 2015; Smith et al 2013). Moreover, in the Match tasks, when errors arose in the context of higher behavioral certainty, the ERN was larger and could have reflected a prediction error.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Meta-Analysis Suggests Different Neural Correlates for Implicit and Explicit Learning

Loonis

Brincat

Antzoulatos

et al. 2017

Neuron

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SUMMARY A meta-analysis of non-human primates performing three different tasks (Object-Match, Category-Match, and Category-Saccade associations) revealed signatures of explicit and implicit learning. Performance improved equally following correct and error trials in the Match (explicit) tasks but it improved more after correct trials in the Saccade (implicit) task, a signature of explicit vs implicit learning. Likewise, error-related negativity, a marker for error processing, was greater in the Match (explicit) tasks. All tasks showed an increase in alpha/beta (10–30 Hz) synchrony after correct choices. However, only the implicit task showed an increase in theta (3–7 Hz) synchrony after correct choices that decreased with learning. In contrast, in the explicit tasks, alpha/beta synchrony increased with learning and decreased thereafter. Our results suggest that explicit vs implicit learning engages different neural mechanisms that rely on different patterns of oscillatory synchrony.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Meta-Analysis Suggests Different Neural Correlates for Implicit and Explicit Learning

Loonis

Brincat

Antzoulatos

et al. 2017

Neuron

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“…In the light-dark box test, Kmo −/− mice spent significantly less time in the light compartment compared to their wild-type counterparts (Figure 4c) and made a decreased number of entries into the light compartment (Figure 4d). Furthermore, although Kmo −/− mice displayed comparable horizontal, rearing, and center activities as Kmo +/+ mice in a general assessment of locomotion (Supplemental Figure 3), we observed a significant increase in the corner time of the Kmo −/− animals (Time: F (11, 462) =3.50, P<0.001; Genotype: F (1, 42) =7.704, P<0.01; Interaction: F (11, 462) =3.60, P<0.0001; Figure 4e). Together, these data demonstrate increased anxiety-like behaviors in Kmo −/− mice compared to Kmo +/+ mice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The early response gene (EGR) family is noteworthy for containing several compelling SZ susceptibility genes (39), and studies in forebrain-specific conditional EGR2 mutant mice revealed that EGR2 can act as an inhibitory constraint for certain cognitive functions (40). Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is critical for social interactions (41), its receptor gene is associated with emotional withdrawal, which is frequently observed in persons with SZ (42), and elimination of the AVP gene causes distinct cognitive abnormalities in rats (43). Notably, qPCR analysis did not validate D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), another DEG associated with SZ pathophysiology (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive and Behavioral Changes in Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Knockout Mice: Relevance to Psychotic Disorders

Erhardt

Pocivavsek

Repici

et al. 2017

Biological Psychiatry

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BACKGROUND Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) converts kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine, and its inhibition shunts the kynurenine pathway - which is implicated as dysfunctional in various psychiatric disorders - towards enhanced synthesis of kynurenic acid (KYNA), an antagonist of both α7 nicotinic acetylcholine and NMDA receptors. Possibly as a result of reduced KMO activity, elevated central nervous system levels of KYNA have been found in patients with psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia (SZ). METHODS In the present study, we investigated adaptive – and possibly regulatory – changes in mice with a targeted deletion of Kmo (Kmo−/−) and characterized the KMO-deficient mice using six behavioral assays relevant for the study of SZ. RESULTS Genome-wide differential gene expression analyses in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of these mice identified a network of SZ- and psychosis-related genes, with more pronounced alterations in cerebellar tissue. KYNA levels were also increased in these brain regions in Kmo−/− mice, with significantly higher levels in the cerebellum than in the cerebrum. Kmo−/− mice exhibited impairments in contextual memory and spent less time than controls interacting with an unfamiliar mouse in a social interaction paradigm. The mutant animals displayed increased anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze and in a light-dark box. After a D-amphetamine challenge (5 mg/kg, i.p.), Kmo−/− mice showed potentiated horizontal activity in the open field paradigm. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results demonstrate that the elimination of Kmo in mice is associated with multiple gene and functional alterations that appear to duplicate aspects of the psychopathology of several neuropsychiatric disorders.

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“…These studies demonstrate reliable semantic priming effects in Dutch, English, Finnish and Spanish (for extensive discussions, see Davis & Rastle, 2010; Feldman, O’Connor, & Moscoso del Prado Martín, 2009; Feldman, Milin, Cho, Moscoso del Prado Martín, & O’Connor, 2015; Van den Bussche, Van den Noorgate, & Reyn-voet, 2009). For instance, Feldman et al (2015) used a within-experiment manipulation, which included exposing participants to five different SOAs all below 100 ms: they observed shorter latencies to the semantically related conditions in very short SOAs of 34 and 48 ms. Semantic effects also emerged in a cross-case ‘same-different’ task by Duñabeitia, Kinoshita, Carreiras, and Norris (2011). This task requires participants to assess the likeness of a lowercase and an uppercase letter string presented sequentially.…”

Section: Evidence From Masked-priming Researchmentioning

confidence: 82%

Surviving blind decomposition: A distributional analysis of the time-course of complex word recognition.

Schmidtke¹,

Matsuki²,

Kuperman³

2017

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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The current study addresses a discrepancy in the psycholinguistic literature about the chronology of information processing during the visual recognition of morphologically complex words. Form-thenmeaning accounts of complex word recognition claim that morphemes are processed as units of form prior to any influence of their meanings, whereas form-and-meaning models posit that recognition of complex word forms involves the simultaneous access of morphological and semantic information.The study reported here addresses this theoretical discrepancy by applying a non-parametric distributional technique of survival analysis (Reingold & Sheridan, 2014) to two behavioural measures of complex word processing. Across seven experiments reported here, this technique is employed to estimate the point in time at which orthographic, morphological and semantic variables exert their earliest discernible influence on lexical decision reaction times and eye movement fixation durations. Contrary to form-then-meaning predictions, Experiments 1-4 reveal that surface frequency is the earliest lexical variable to exert a demonstrable influence on lexical decision reaction times for English and Dutch derived words (e.g., badness; bad + -ness), English pseudo-derived words (e.g., wander; wand + -er) and morphologically simple control words (e.g., ballad; ball + -ad). Furthermore, for derived word processing across lexical decision and eye-tracking paradigms (Experiments 1-2; 5-7), semantic effects emerge early in the time-course of word recognition, and their effects either precede or emerge simultaneously with morphological effects. These results are not consistent with the premises of the form-then-meaning view of complex word recognition, but are convergent with a form-and-meaning account of complex word recognition.

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Association between Genetic Variation in the Oxytocin Receptor Gene and Emotional Withdrawal, but not between Oxytocin Pathway Genes and Diagnosis in Psychotic Disorders

Cited by 61 publications

References 70 publications

A Meta-Analysis Suggests Different Neural Correlates for Implicit and Explicit Learning

A Meta-Analysis Suggests Different Neural Correlates for Implicit and Explicit Learning

Adaptive and Behavioral Changes in Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Knockout Mice: Relevance to Psychotic Disorders

Surviving blind decomposition: A distributional analysis of the time-course of complex word recognition.

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