Association between Hypertension and the Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Analytical Studies

Chen, Jiahao; Zhang, Caixia; Wu, Yanjun; Zhang, Dongfeng

doi:10.1159/000496977

Cited by 52 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Hypertension may damage blood vessels in basal ganglia that contain striatum and substantia nigra. A meta-analysis study also reported that hypertension might increase the risk of PD [23]. Another meta-analysis also reported a significant association of depression with a subsequent risk of PD [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Parkinson’s Disease in a Population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Case-Control Study

Tufail¹

2019

Neurodegener Dis

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Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurological disorders that mostly affect aged individuals. The common symptoms of PD are rest tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity. Objectives: The present study was devised to find out the clinical features and risk factors associated with PD in a population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Methods:A total of 600 PD patients and 1,200 control individuals took part in this study. The participants filled out a standard questionnaire. Results: This study found a significant association between PD and exposure to pesticides (p < 0.0001) and doing work on farms (p < 0.0001). The use of aldrin was significantly associated with PD (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, we also found that PD status was associated with individuals who have a history of depression, hypertension, head injury, and Alzheimer’s disease. This study also showed that the PD rate was lower in those who were using tobacco products. Conclusion: In this case-control study, we revealed some environmental and medical conditions that are linked with PD. To control the disease, we must minimize exposure to pesticides, and the government and scientific community should play their role.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Parkinson’s Disease in a Population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Case-Control Study

Tufail¹

2019

Neurodegener Dis

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“…The etiologic link between hypertension and PD has been debated 9 , with studies showing divergent results 10 , 11 . The neurodegenerative effect is postulated to be caused by vasculopathy leading to strategic infarcts that could affect dopaminergic cells and disrupt neuronal connections 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-control study of hypertension and Parkinson’s disease

Lim

et al. 2021

npj Parkinsons Dis.

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We evaluate the association of hypertension with PD in an Asian population and performed a meta-analysis on similar studies to address the effect of hypertension on PD risk. A matched case-control study involving 1342 Chinese subjects (671 PD and 671 age and gender-matched controls (with a mean age of 63.9 ± 9.7 and 63.5 ± 9.8 years, and identical proportion of gender distribution) was conducted. Hypertension increases PD risk by 1.9 times [OR 1.86 (1.46–2.38)]. The literature search identified 618 studies initially; however, only three matched case-control studies (all in Caucasians) met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Overall analysis showed that hypertension decreases PD risk by 0.2 times [OR 0.80 (0.66–0.96)]. Hypertension increases PD risk by 1.9 times in our Asian population. However, a meta-analysis comprising of Caucasian populations showed a protective effect of hypertension suggesting that ethnic differences or other genetic or environmental factors may contribute to the divergent observation. Early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension may potentially reduce the risk of PD, at least in our population.

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“…At the same time, the expenditures on the treatment and prevention of hypertension are enormous; as reported, the US spent an estimated $51.2 billion from 2012 to 2013 [3]. Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases and a major risk factor for disease burden in the world [4], meanwhile it could increase the risk of stroke, cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, dementia, and Parkinson’s disease and so on [5,6,7,8,9]. In view of the huge disease burden of hypertension, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) adjusted the diagnostic criteria for hypertension to 130/80 mmHg in 2017 [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Dietary n3 and n6 Fatty Acids Intake with Hypertension: NHANES 2007–2014

Sun

Zhang

2019

Nutrients

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We conducted this cross-sectional study in the American general population to explore the association of dietary n3 and n6 fatty acids intake and the risk of hypertension. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2014 in this study. We obtained dietary n3 and n6 fatty acids data through two 24 h dietary recall interviews and n3, n6 fatty acids intake were adjusted by weight. We defined hypertension as now taking prescribed medicine for hypertension or blood pressure above 130/80 mmHg. We applied binary logistic regression, multinomial logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline to evaluate the associations of dietary n3 and n6 fatty acids intake with hypertension. A total of 18,434 participants were included in this study. In the multivariate-adjusted model 2, the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of hypertension were 0.58 (0.49–0.68), 0.53 (0.45–0.63), and 0.92 (0.80–1.06) for the highest versus the lowest tertile of dietary n3, n6 fatty acids intake and n6:n3 ratio, respectively. Further excluded participants with hypertension history, the ORs with 95% CI of newly diagnosed hypertension were 0.60 (0.50–0.73), 0.52 (0.43–0.62), and 0.95 (0.79–1.14) for the highest versus lowest tertile of dietary n3, n6 fatty acids intake and n6:n3 ratio, respectively. Dose-response analyses showed that the risk of hypertension was associated with dietary n3 and n6 fatty acids intake. Our study suggested that dietary n3 and n6 fatty acids intake were inversely associated with the risk of hypertension in US adults.

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Association between Hypertension and the Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Analytical Studies

Cited by 52 publications

References 36 publications

Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Parkinson’s Disease in a Population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Case-Control Study

Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Parkinson’s Disease in a Population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Case-Control Study

Case-control study of hypertension and Parkinson’s disease

Association of Dietary n3 and n6 Fatty Acids Intake with Hypertension: NHANES 2007–2014

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