Association between lipid metabolism and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia

Abstract

BackgroundThe association between blood lipids and cognitive function in schizophrenia is still controversial. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the association between various lipid parameters and cognitive impairment in schizophrenic patients and potential lipid pathways.MethodsA total of 447 adult inpatients with schizophrenia were divided into cognitive normal and cognitive impairment groups based on the Mini-Mental State Examination with a cut-off of 26. The blood lipid parameters were defined as abnormal levels based on the guideline. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used to preliminarily explore the potential lipid metabolism pathway associated with cognitive impairment.ResultsThere were 368 (82.3%) patients who had cognitive impairment. Herein, apolipoprotein B was positively associated with cognitive function in overall patients and age (≥45 and <45 years) and sex subgroups. After excluding patients with hypertension and diabetes, ApoB was still significantly associated with cognitive function in all the patients. The associations between other lipid parameters, including non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride, and cognitive impairment were heterogeneous in age and sex subgroups. In contrast, total cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 were not significantly associated with cognitive impairment. Metabolomics analysis showed that metabolic pathway mainly involved sphingolipid metabolism. Meanwhile, sphinganine and 3-dehydrosphinganine were positively correlated with lipid parameters and decreased in patients with cognitive impairment as compared to those with normal cognition.ConclusionsThe present study suggests a positive association between lipids and cognitive function in schizophrenic patients and needs to be further verified by a prospective study.

Association between Life’s Essential 8 and cognitive function: insights from NHANES 2011–2014

“…Regarding diet, although a recent study ( Barnes et al, 2023 ) showed no significant difference between participants with a family history of dementia and no cognitive impairment on the MIND diet and a mildly calorie-restricted control diet, there are studies ( Millman et al, 2021 ; Roschel et al, 2021 ) that suggest that certain foods and nutrients, such as primary olive oil and creatine, have beneficial effects on cognitive function. Regarding lipids and blood pressure, a Chinese study ( Lee et al, 2021 ) that included 2,215 participants showed that DSST scores increased with an increase in HDL (β coefficient: 0.036; p = 0.018), while a study by Liu et al (2022) found a positive correlation between lipids and cognitive function in people with schizophrenia. Mahinrad et al (2020) showed a positive correlation between blood lipids and cognitive function in people with schizophrenia, ranging from young to exposure to higher blood pressure levels during middle age was associated with poorer gait and cognitive performance during middle age.…”

Association of clinical symptoms and cardiometabolic dysregulations in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

“…We observed an association between cognitive impairment and TG, but no significant relation was found between HDL and LDL. Liu et al [ 56 ] found the association between lipid parameters and cognitive impairment was heterogeneous in age and gender subgroups. On the contrary, the nonsignificant result was reported by a recent systematic review that cognitive function in all domains did not differ in SSD with or without dyslipidemia [ 57 ].…”

The association between blood lipids and cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Lipid parameters including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) have been found to associate with cognitive impairment in multiple diseases, such as patients with post-stroke and Parkinson's Disease [ 6 , 7 ]. In addition, apolipoprotein B has been shown to be associated with cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia [ 8 ]. Interesting, apolipoprotein A1 has been involved in the earliest stages of Alzheimer [ 9 ].…”