Association Between Objectively Assessed Sleep and Depressive Symptoms During Pregnancy and Post-partum

Abstract

IntroductionSleep problems are common in pregnancy but many studies have relied only on self-reported sleep measures. We studied the association between objectively measured sleep and peripartum depressive symptoms in pregnant women.Material and MethodsSleep was assessed using Actiwatch accelerometers in a sample of 163 pregnant women in the late first (weeks 11–15) or early second trimester (weeks 16–19). Depressive symptoms were assessed in gestational weeks 17, 32 and at 6 weeks post-partum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age, BMI, pre-pregnancy smoking, ongoing mental health problems, trimester and season of sleep assessment were carried out to test the association between sleep and depression. Sleep was measured by total sleep time and sleep efficiency, whereas depression was indicated by depressive symptoms and depression caseness. Results are presented as unstandardized beta (B) coefficients or adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsTotal sleep time ranged from 3 to 9 h (mean 7.1, SD 0.9) and average sleep efficiency was 83% (SD 6.0). Women with the shortest total sleep time, i.e., in the lowest quartile (<6.66 h), reported higher depressive symptoms during pregnancy (week 17, B = 2.13, 95% CI 0.30–3.96; week 32, B = 1.70, 95% CI 0.03–3.37) but not post-partum. Their probability to screen positive for depression in gestational week 17 was increased more than 3-fold (AOR = 3.46, 95% CI 1.07–11.51) but unchanged with regards to gestational week 32 or 6 weeks post-partum. Sleep efficiency was not associated with depressive symptoms at any stage of pregnancy or post-partum.DiscussionIn one of the few studies to use objective sleep measures to date, mental health of pregnant women appeared to be affected by shortened sleep, with total sleep time being negatively associated with depressive symptoms in the early second and third trimester. This finding highlights the relevance of identifying and treating sleep impairments in pregnant women early during antenatal care to reduce the risk of concomitant depression.

The Association of Maternal Sleep Quality with Newborn Health

“…Menurut penelitian Pitsillos et al, (2021) gangguan tidur dianggap sebagai salah satu gejala paling menonjol pada pasien depresi. Gangguan tidur merupakan faktor risiko munculnya depresi, tetapi juga merupakan prediktor depresi.…”

“…Gangguan tidur yang umum terkait dengan depresi adalah latensi tidur yang berkepanjangan, susah untuk mempertahankan tidur, dan menyebabkan kurangnya waktu tidur total. Dalam kehamilan, masalah gangguan tidur memainkan peran utama dalam perkembangan depresi pada maternal (Pitsillos et al, 2021).Hasil studi terbaru oleh Bao et al (2022) menyatakan bahwa gangguan tidur selama hamil dikaitkan dengan faktor sosial, psikologis, dan fisiologis. Ditemukan bahwa banyak faktor yang menyebabkan gangguan tidur seperti usia, paritas, pendapatan, pendidikan, dukungan keluarga dan dukungan sosial.…”

Pogimdyminės Depresijos Ryšys Sumiego Kokybe Po Gimdymo

“…Nėštumas ir laikotarpis po gimdymo susiję su padidėjusia psichikos sveikatos problemų atsiradimo rizika moterims [1]. Pogimdyminė depresija (PD) yra viena iš labiausiai paplitusių nėštumo ir gimdymo komplikacijų [2].…”

“…Šis sutrikimas paveikia 10 -15 proc. vaisingo amžiaus pasaulio moterų [1]. Depresijai po gimdymo būdingi tokie simptomai kaip liūdesys, beviltiškumas, susidomėjimo ar malonumo jausmo praradimas kasdienėse veiklose, padidėjęs verksmingumas, dirglumas, nerimas, nuovargis, kaltės jausmas, miego, apetito bei svorio pokyčiai, dėmesio koncentracijos sumažėjimas, nesugebėjimas pasirūpinti savimi ar kūdikiu, mintys, susijusios su savižala ar savižudybe [2][3][4].…”

Sleep quality and related predictors among women in the first trimester of pregnancy: A latent profile analysis

“…In addition, physical activity [20], depression [21][22] and social support [23] are associated with sleep during pregnancy. A large, multi-ethnic survey found that social capital was signi cantly associated with adult sleep [24].…”