Association between reflux oesophagitis and features of the metabolic syndrome in Japan

Moki, Fumitaka; Kusano, Motoyasu; Mizuide, Masafumi; Sugiyama, Yasuyuki; Kawamura, Osamu; Takagi, Hirofumi; Imai, Tomoko; Mori, Mitsuru

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03454.x

Cited by 110 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…9,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] A meta-analysis has described that the men/women ratio in the prevalence of reflux esophagitis was 1.57 (95% CI, 1.40-1.76) and the mean age of men with reflux esophagitis was lower than that of women. 7 In a systematic review based on data of 67 056 patients using the PubMed database between 1997 and 2011 (including 12 unbiased population-based studies, 8 studies from Asian countries, 2 studies from Europe, and 1 study from the US), the prevalence of reflux esophagitis was lower in women compared to that men (women: 6.1 ± 1.6%, range: 2.1-16.8%; men: 15.9 ± 2.5%, range: 7.0-28.1%; P < 0.01).…”

Section: Endoscopy-based Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have also suggested that the incidence of reflux esophagitis increased with aging, with women having the trend to be older than men. 29,30,37,52 Moreover, older women showed more severe reflux esophagitis than older men and the incidence of severe reflux esophagitis tends to be increased higher in postmenopausal women than in men. 29,30 Another endoscopy-based study has reported that the incidence of reflux esophagitis was increased in women after the age of 50 years.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sex and Gender Differences in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Kim

2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

125

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It is important to understand sex and gender-related differences in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) because gender-related biologic factors might lead to better prevention and therapy. Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) affects more women than men. GERD symptoms are more frequent in patients with NERD than in those with reflux esophagitis. However, men suffer pathologic diseases such as reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus (BE), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) more frequently than women. The prevalence of reflux esophagitis is significantly increased with age in women, especially after their 50s. The mean age of EAC incidence in women is higher than in men, suggesting a role of estrogen in delaying the onset of BE and EAC. In a chronic rat reflux esophagitis model, nitric oxide was found to be an aggravating factor of esophageal injury in a male-predominant way. In addition, the expression of esophageal occludin, a tight junction protein that plays an important role in the esophageal defense mechanism, was up-regulated in women. This explains the male predominance of reflux esophagitis and delayed incidence of BE or EAC in women. Moreover, the symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and extra-esophageal symptoms have been more frequently reported by women than by men, suggesting that sex and gender play a role in symptom perception. Differential sensitivity with augmented symptoms in women might have diagnostic and therapeutic influence. Furthermore, recent studies have suggested that hormone replacement therapy has a protective effect against esophageal cancer. However, an anti-inflammatory role of estrogen remains compelling, which means further study is necessary in this area.

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Section: Endoscopy-based Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Sex and Gender Differences in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Kim

2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

125

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“…An increased gastroesophageal pressure gradient and hiatal hernia development have been reported to be induced by a high intra-abdominal pressure due to abdominal fat accumulation (3)(4)(5)(6)(7), while obesity and a high body mass index (BMI) have repeatedly been demonstrated to be associated with the high prevalence of reflux esophagitis and GERD symptoms (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). In addition, metabolic syndrome, diagnosed by the presence of visceral fat accumulation, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia, has been demonstrated to correlate with the occurrence of GERD (16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Signs and symptoms include swollen gums, deepening of gingival crevices leading to the formation of periodontal pockets, bleeding on brushing, increased spacing between teeth, and loose teeth. Recent studies have indicated that periodontitis is closely correlated with systemic disorders, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (19,20), which have also been demonstrated to have a positive relationship with GERD occurrence (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). In addi-tion, periodontitis may induce or worsen GERD, since saliva secretion, which is influenced by oral hygiene including the periodontal status, has been demonstrated to be associated with GERD (21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Relationship between Reflux Esophagitis and Periodontitis

et al. 2016

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Objective Metabolic syndrome and dental erosion have been demonstrated to correlate with gastroesophageal acid reflux disease (GERD), while periodontitis has been reported to have a positive relationship with metabolic syndrome. However, no correlation between periodontitis and GERD has yet been reported. We therefore investigated the relationship between periodontitis and GERD. Methods The subjects consisted of 280 individuals who visited the Health Center for a detailed medical checkup examination. Each underwent upper endoscopy and periodontitis examinations, with the latter performed by measuring the concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase and hemoglobin in saliva. The subjects were divided into those with positive and negative periodontitis findings, and the prevalence rates of endoscopically proven reflux esophagitis, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia were compared. Results The number of subjects positive for periodontitis was 93, while 187 had negative findings. The prevalence of reflux esophagitis was not different between the positive and negative groups (8.6% vs. 8.0%). In addition, a multiple logistic regression analysis did not identify a positive relationship between the presence of periodontitis and reflux esophagitis. On the other hand, dyslipidemia and hypertension were more frequently observed in the subjects that were positive for periodontitis. Conclusion We did not find an association between periodontitis and reflux esophagitis in the present study. On the other hand, the presence of periodontitis was found to correlate with hypertension and dyslipidemia.

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“…GERD has been becoming more prevalent in Asian populations in recent decades, and although the disease is considered to be a common disorder in both Western and Asian populations, its increasing prevalence in Asia may be due to multiple factors, such as the Westernization of eating habits, decrease in the rate of Helicobacter pylori infection, increased gastric acid secretion and a larger elderly population, as well as other factors (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). High intra-abdominal pressure caused by abdominal fat accumulation has been demonstrated to increase the gastroesophageal pressure gradient and incidence of gastroesophageal reflux, while obesity and a high body mass index (BMI) have repeatedly been reported to be correlated with a high prevalence of reflux esophagitis and symptoms of GERD (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). On the other hand, gender differences related to chronological changes in BMI and the prevalence of GERD have not been investigated in Japanese subjects, although a male predominance has been shown to be related to the frequency of reflux esophagitis and GERD (2-5, 8, 9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in the Time-Course Changes of Reflux Esophagitis in Japanese Patients

et al. 2015

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Objective Obesity is related to an increased prevalence of reflux esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms. This study was performed to clarify the influence of gender on time-course changes in the rate of a high BMI and incidence of reflux esophagitis in Japanese subjects. Results A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a high BMI, milder degree of gastric mucosal atrophy and larger size of diaphragmatic hiatus were significant predictive factors for the presence of reflux esophagitis in both men and women. The number of male subjects with reflux esophagitis and a high BMI increased during the 10-year examination period. In contrast, the number of individuals with reflux esophagitis and a high BMI was not increased among women. For both men and women, the proportions of patients with a large diaphragmatic hiatus and mild gastric mucosal atrophy increased during the 10-year period. Conclusion The prevalence of reflux esophagitis in the female subjects remained constant over 10 years, different from that observed in the men. A lack of change in BMI may be an important factor accounting for the constant prevalence of reflux esophagitis in women.

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Association between reflux oesophagitis and features of the metabolic syndrome in Japan

Abstract: SUMMARY BackgroundThere have been many reports about the relationship between reflux oesophagitis and obesity, but not the metabolic syndrome.

Cited by 110 publications

References 31 publications

Sex and Gender Differences in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Sex and Gender Differences in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

A Study on the Relationship between Reflux Esophagitis and Periodontitis

Gender Differences in the Time-Course Changes of Reflux Esophagitis in Japanese Patients

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