Association between remnant cholesterol and heart failure: A prospective cohort study

Liu, Heng; Zhang, Jing; Li, Zhangbin; Liu, Jie; Lian, Shuping; Le, Jianhua

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.938647

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The increased risk of HF associated with hypercholesterolemia was also identified in other studies conducted in older adults from Hong Kong [12], the United States [13], and Spain [14]. It is believed that oxidative stress and inflammation triggered by hypercholesterolemia contribute to cardiac remodeling, through processes that include the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, which can cause mitochondrial and cellular damage, consequently favoring HF [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…It is believed that oxidative stress and inflammation triggered by hypercholesterolemia contribute to cardiac remodeling, through processes that include the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, which can cause mitochondrial and cellular damage, consequently favoring HF [40]. Another hypothesis may involve the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and the associated inflammatory response in the cardiovascular system, contributing to the development of atherosclerosis and inflammation in arteries, and increasing the risk of plaque rupture and cardiovascular events, including HF [13]. Particularly, we also believe that hypercholesterolemia may contribute to the development of diabetes and hypertension, both recognized as contributing factors to HF progression, as described earlier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, cluster analyses have been recommended to identify groups with specific combinations of comorbidities, suggested as representative of patients with common pathophysiological mechanisms [7][8][9]. Among the comorbidities related to HF in older adults, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension [7][8][9], alcohol consumption [9], diabetes [10,11], hypercholesterolemia [12][13][14], and smoking [15], play a fundamental role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clustering of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Heart Failure in Older Adults from the Brazilian Far North

Ribeiro,

Moriguchi,

Pinto

2024

Healthcare

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Given the aging global population, identifying heart failure (HF) phenotypes has become crucial, as distinct disease characteristics can influence treatment and prognosis in older adults. This study aimed to analyze the association between clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and HF in older adults. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted with 1322 older adults (55% women, mean age 70.4) seen in primary health care. Diagnosis of HF was performed by a cardiologist based on diagnostic tests and medical history. Cardiovascular risk factors included hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking. Using logistic regression, potential associations were tested. Individual risk factor analysis showed that older adults with hypertension, diabetes, or hypercholesterolemia had up to 7.6 times higher odds to have HF. The cluster where older adults had only one risk factor instead of none increased the odds of HF by 53.0%. Additionally, the odds of older patients having HF ranged from 3.59 times for the two-risk factor cluster to 20.61 times for the simultaneous presence of all four factors. The analysis of clusters substantially increasing HF risk in older adults revealed the importance of individualizing subgroups with distinct HF pathophysiologies. The clinical significance of these clusters can be beneficial in guiding a more personalized therapeutic approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clustering of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Heart Failure in Older Adults from the Brazilian Far North

Ribeiro,

Moriguchi,

Pinto

2024

Healthcare

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“…[6][7][8] Moreover, recent studies have shown that RC is related to incident HF. 9,10 However, the data on the associations of RC levels with LV structure and function are relatively limited. A previous study found that higher RC was related to myocardial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7][8] Recent studies have found that elevated RC levels are linked to a higher risk of HF. 9,10 Considering the key role of adverse LV structural and functional alterations in the occurrence of HF, data on the association of RC with LV structure and function remain limited. A previous study reported that RC was related to adverse LV functional changes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Remnant Cholesterol in Young Adulthood Is Associated With Left Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction in Middle Age: The CARDIA Study

Xu,

Wang,

Huang

et al. 2023

Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging

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BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that remnant cholesterol (RC) is associated with incident heart failure; however, its association with left ventricular (LV) structure and function is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association between RC levels in young adulthood and LV structure and function in middle age. METHODS: We included 3321 participants from the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) at baseline. RC was calculated as total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol minus calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the RC trajectories that followed a similar pattern of change over time were identified using the latent class growth mixture model. LV structure and function were assessed using echocardiography at CARDIA study year 25. Multivariable linear regression models were performed to assess the associations of both baseline and trajectories of RC levels with LV structure and function. RESULTS: Among 3321 participants, the mean age was 24.99±3.62 years: 1450 (43.90%) were male, and 1561 (47.00%) were Black. After multivariate adjustment, higher baseline RC (per SD in log-transformed) was associated with higher LV mass index (β=1.29; P =0.004), worse global longitudinal strain (β=0.19; P <0.001), worse global circumferential strain (β=0.16; P =0.014), lower septal e′ (β=−0.26; P <0.001), lower lateral e′ (β=−0.18; P =0.003), and higher E/e′ (β=0.15; P =0.003). Three RC trajectories were identified during follow-up: low increasing (42.4%), moderate increasing (45.5%), and high increasing (12.1%). Similarly, compared with the low-increasing group, the high-increasing RC trajectory group was related to higher LV mass index, worse global longitudinal strain, lower septal e′, lower lateral e′, and higher E/e′. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated RC levels in young adulthood were related to adverse LV structural and functional alterations in midlife. Long-term trajectories of RC levels during young adulthood help identify individuals at a higher risk for adverse LV remodeling and dysfunction. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT00005130.

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Relationship between remnant cholesterol and short‐term prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients

Tan,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Brain and Behavior

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ObjectiveSeveral studies have illustrated that elevated RC levels are related to a heightened risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Our research aimed to explore the correlation between RC levels and poor prognosis after a 90‐day interval in AIS patients.MethodsA total of 287 individuals were enrolled in the study, the primary outcome was defined as poor prognosis. RC was derived by the exclusion of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) from total cholesterol (TC).ResultsFollowing the screening process, 253 AIS patients were included in the study, presenting a median age of 66[57, 75] years. Upon stratifying RC levels into quartiles, those in the top quartile faced a greater likelihood of diabetes diagnosis (42.86%, p = .014) and experienced a higher rate of unfavorable outcomes after 90 days (36.51%, p = .001). After accounting for confounding factors, the correlation between the fourth quartile of RC levels and the amplified likelihood of poor prognosis remained significant (odds ratio (OR) 8.471, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.841, 38.985); p = .006). Analysis of subgroups unveiled a notable correlation between higher RC levels and poor 90‐day prognosis, particularly in individuals with elevated NIHSS scores (p = .044). A progressively increasing 90‐day risk of poor prognosis after an RC greater than 0.38 mmol/L was visualized by restricted cubic spline plots (p‐overall = .011).ConclusionsIncluding RC as a contributing element may refine the prediction of poor 90‐day prognosis for AIS patients. Integrating RC with traditional risk factors can potentially enhance the predictive value for cerebrovascular disease.

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Association between remnant cholesterol and heart failure: A prospective cohort study

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Clustering of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Heart Failure in Older Adults from the Brazilian Far North

Clustering of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Heart Failure in Older Adults from the Brazilian Far North

Remnant Cholesterol in Young Adulthood Is Associated With Left Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction in Middle Age: The CARDIA Study

Relationship between remnant cholesterol and short‐term prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients

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