Association between residential proximity to environmental pollution sources and childhood renal tumors

Childhood cancer in small geographical areas and proximity to air-polluting industries

“…In recent years, spatial epidemiological studies have linked PC with several environmental risk factors, including pesticides (McNally et al, 2014; Wheeler et al, 2011), or industrial pollutants (García Pérez et al, 2015b; García-Pérez et al, 2016a). However, we should not rule out the hypothesis infectious aetiology as more plausible (Kreis et al, 2016; McNally and Eden, 2004; Ortega-García et al, 2016).…”

“…A higher incidence of neuroblastoma has also been reported in areas in proximity to metal plants and mines (Garcia-Perez et al, 2016b). Moreover, it has been reported that proximity to industrial facilities, especially those dealing with metals and organic chemistry, increases the incidence of kidney tumours (Garcia-Perez et al, 2016a). A higher risk of CNST has been associated with intrauterine exposure to carcinogenic industrial substances, although no direct association between this and specific industrial foci has yet been established (McKean-Cowdin et al, 1998).…”

“…Observational studies that relate PC and air pollution are scarce (Garcia-Perez et al, 2016a; Reynolds et al, 2003), and in most cases focus on traffic density and the proximity of high-capacity roads; no consistent results on a global scale have been reached to date. Regarding industrial pollution, several works recently published in Spain argue for the relationship between exposure to industrial pollution and leukaemia, neuroblastoma, kidney and bone tumours in children aged 0–14 (Garcia-Perez et al, 2015b, 2016a, 2016b; García-Pérez et al, 2017). The low incidence of PC, the high degree of uncertainty associated with the variables under consideration, and the formation of micro-clusters emphasise the need to carry out spatial epidemiological studies, which can then be used to analyse the incidence of cancer in small urban units (Ortega-García et al, 2016).…”

Modelo de proximidad espacial para definir sitios de muestreo en redes urbanas de calidad de aire

“…Para calcular las distancias a las vías y generar corredores de proximidad a ellas, se calculó la distancia a vías principales hasta 25 m y a las vías secundarías hasta 10 m [5,7]. Para el caso de la distancia a usos industriales, se generó un corredor de proximidad hasta una distancia máxima de 1500m [2,3] y para las zonas verdes un corredor de proximidad hasta una distancia máxima de 250 m [9,14]. El corredor de proximidad supone que esa es la distancia dentro de la cual se tienen efectos significativos de las vías, los usos industriales y las zonas …”

“…Las fuentes de emisión pueden ser de dos tipos: fijas y móviles. La emisión de contaminantes debidos a fuentes fijas puntuales se da en mayores niveles en los usos del suelo asociados con la producción de la gran empresa, la producción en consolidación y el uso industrial [1,2,3]. La emisión debida a fuentes móviles está asociada con la actividad del tráfico vehicular [4,5].…”