Association between resilience and a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) gene: A meta-analysis

González-Giraldo, Yeimy; Forero, Diego A.

doi:10.17179/excli2020-2660

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Interestingly, the S allele is also associated with less efficient serotonin uptake (71). It should be noted, however, that other studies have identified the S allele as a factor of increased resilience, and the L allele as a risk allele for affected resilience (72). This indicates a need for more studies comparing the phenotypes of carriers of the S and L alleles to determine the exact mechanism of the serotonin gene within resilience.…”

Section: Serotonin Dopamine and Oxytocin Serotoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5-HT has many effects, including modulation of mood, anxiety, temperature, sleep, libido, and appetite (71). Overall, the ability of 5-HT to modulate our response to dress could have an impact on resilience (72). The protein product of the SLC6A4 gene, one of the most studied genes in resilience, is responsible for the reuptake of 5-HT into presynaptic neurons, where 5-HT exerts its biological activities (71).…”

Section: Serotonin Dopamine and Oxytocin Serotoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Molecular Basis of Resilience: A Narrative Review

Ryan

Ryznar

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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Resilience refers to the adaptability of a person – an ability to “bounce-back” from stressors. We question if resilience can be strengthened, potentially to decrease the risk of stress-related disorders. Unfortunately, the molecular origins of resilience are complicated and not yet well understood. In this review, we examine the various physiological biomarkers of resilience, including the associated genes, epigenetic changes, and protein biomarkers associated with resilient phenotypes. In addition to assessing biomarkers that may indicate higher levels of resilience, we also review at length the many biomarkers that confer lower levels of resilience and may lead to disorders of low resilience, such as anxiety and depression. This large and encompassing review may help to identify the possible therapeutic targets of resilience. Hopefully these studies will lead to a future where stress-related disorders can be prevented, rather than treated.

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Section: Serotonin Dopamine and Oxytocin Serotoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Serotonin Dopamine and Oxytocin Serotoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Basis of Resilience: A Narrative Review

Ryan

Ryznar

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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“…However, it is worth noting that not all studies have replicated the GxE effect and a meta-analysis found no evidence of an interaction between stress and 5-HTTLPR on risk of depression [ 19 ]. Recent studies have found an association between 5-HTTLPR and resilience [ 20 , 21 ], suggesting that replication of candidate genes may be complicated when comparing studies that test different adverse and protective factors. Direct effects of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism have also been identified, such as a study of children and adolescents exposed to the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake that reported LE homozygotes had higher initial PTSD symptom severity but faster recovery rates [ 22 ] and a study of combat-exposed veterans in which LE carriers showed increased risk of PTSD but only in the Black study population [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel GxE effects and resilience: A case:control longitudinal study of psychosocial stress with war-affected youth

et al. 2022

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Responses to early life adversity differ greatly across individuals. Elucidating which factors underlie this variation can help us better understand how to improve health trajectories. Here we used a case:control study of refugee and non-refugee youth, differentially exposed to war-related trauma, to investigate the effects of genetics and psychosocial environment on response to trauma. We investigated genetic variants in two genes (serotonin transporter, 5-HTT, and catechol-O-methyltransferase, COMT) that have been implicated in response to trauma. We collected buccal samples and survey data from 417 Syrian refugee and 306 Jordanian non-refugee youth who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial to evaluate a mental health-focused intervention. Measures of lifetime trauma exposure, resilience, and six mental health and psychosocial stress outcomes were collected at three time points: baseline, ~13 weeks, and ~48 weeks. We used multilevel models to identify gene x environment (GxE) interactions and direct effects of the genetic variants in association with the six outcome measures over time. We did not identify any interactions with trauma exposure, but we did identify GxE interactions with both genes and resilience; 1) individuals with high expression (HE) variants of 5-HTTLPR and high levels of resilience had the lowest levels of perceived stress and 2) individuals homozygous for the Val variant of COMT with high levels of resilience showed stable levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms. We also identified a direct protective effect of 5-HTTLPR HE homozygotes on perceived insecurity. Our results point to novel interactions between the protective effects of genetic variants and resilience, lending support to ideas of differential susceptibility and altered stress reactivity in a cohort of war-affected adolescents.

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