Association Between Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in 2008–2009 and Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Infection Among School Students From Kobe, Japan, April–June 2009

Tsuchihashi, Yuuki; Sunagawa, Tomimasa; Yahata, Yuichiro; Takahashi, Hideaki; Toyokawa, Takao; Odaira, F; Ohyama, Takaaki; Taniguchi, Kiyosu; Okabe, Nobuhiko

doi:10.1093/cid/cir787

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, these confounding would have erroneously reduced VE estimates against influenza A as well, which did not seem to have occurred in our study. During the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic, several studies demonstrated increased risk of A (H1N1) 2009 illness among recipients of the 2008−09 trivalent vaccine [23]–[27]. Hypotheses of possible biologic mechanisms included cross-protection block, antibody-dependent enhancement, and temporary immunity [24], [28]–[29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance and Vaccine Effectiveness of an Influenza Epidemic Predominated by Vaccine-Mismatched Influenza B/Yamagata-Lineage Viruses in Taiwan, 2011−12 Season

Lo¹,

Chuang²,

Kuo³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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IntroductionThe 2011−12 trivalent influenza vaccine contains a strain of influenza B/Victoria-lineage viruses. Despite free provision of influenza vaccine among target populations, an epidemic predominated by influenza B/Yamagata-lineage viruses occurred during the 2011−12 season in Taiwan. We characterized this vaccine-mismatched epidemic and estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE).MethodsInfluenza activity was monitored through sentinel viral surveillance, emergency department (ED) and outpatient influenza-like illness (ILI) syndromic surveillance, and case-based surveillance of influenza with complications and deaths. VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza was evaluated through a case-control study on ILI patients enrolled into sentinel viral surveillance. Logistic regression was used to estimate VE adjusted for confounding factors.ResultsDuring July 2011−June 2012, influenza B accounted for 2,382 (72.5%) of 3,285 influenza-positive respiratory specimens. Of 329 influenza B viral isolates with antigen characterization, 287 (87.2%) were B/Yamagata-lineage viruses. Proportions of ED and outpatient visits being ILI-related increased from November 2011 to January 2012. Of 1,704 confirmed cases of influenza with complications, including 154 (9.0%) deaths, influenza B accounted for 1,034 (60.7%) of the confirmed cases and 103 (66.9%) of the deaths. Reporting rates of confirmed influenza with complications and deaths were 73.5 and 6.6 per 1,000,000, respectively, highest among those aged ≥65 years, 50−64 years, 3−6 years, and 0−2 years. Adjusted VE was −31% (95% CI: −80, 4) against all influenza, 54% (95% CI: 3, 78) against influenza A, and −66% (95% CI: −132, −18) against influenza B.ConclusionsThis influenza epidemic in Taiwan was predominated by B/Yamagata-lineage viruses unprotected by the 2011−12 trivalent vaccine. The morbidity and mortality of this vaccine-mismatched epidemic warrants careful consideration of introducing a quadrivalent influenza vaccine that includes strains of both B lineages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance and Vaccine Effectiveness of an Influenza Epidemic Predominated by Vaccine-Mismatched Influenza B/Yamagata-Lineage Viruses in Taiwan, 2011−12 Season

Lo¹,

Chuang²,

Kuo³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…For the non-randomized studies, based on the NOS scoring system, 3 of the cohort studies had moderate risk, whereas one study 22 had high risk of bias. For the case-control studies, 9 had low-risk bias 8,9,10,14,15,24,28,29,31 , while the other 11 had moderate-risk bias [5][6][7]13,15,[25][26][27]30,32 . The details of the quality assessment are shown in the Supplemental Tables 5-8.…”

Section: General Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S2 and S3). Case-control study A slight risk reduction was observed in 16 casecontrol studies [5][6][7]9,10,[13][14][15]25,27,[29][30][31][32] that reported laboratory-confirmed cases (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.61, 1.05; P D 0.11). However, a significant heterogeneity was also found across these studies (I 2 D 93%; P < 0.00001) (Fig.…”

Section: Cohort Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 In this review, we divided the study by Skowronski et al 15 into one cohort study and 3 case-control studies (Quebec household transmission study as Skowronski-a, national sentinel monitoring system as Skowronski-b, Quebec population case-control study as Skowronski-c, Ontario test-negative case-control study as Skowronskid). This systematic review included 4 RCTs, 11,12,18,19 4 cohort studies, 15,16,22,23 and 20 case-control studies [5][6][7][8][9][10][13][14][15][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] . In addition, 2 surveillance reports and one outbreak investigation were included.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partial protection against 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) of seasonal influenza vaccination and related regional factors: Updated systematic review and meta-analyses

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2015

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…The paper was published on 6 April 2010 [18]. In the time since the paper was published, no methodological issue that could satisfactorily explain the findings has been identified and other studies have replicated the findings [19,20].…”

Section: An Account Of the Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ethics of sharing preliminary research findings during public health emergencies: a case study from the 2009 influenza pandemic

2014

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During the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza pandemic, a suite of studies conducted in Canada showed an unexpected finding, that patients with medically attended laboratory-confirmed pandemic influenza were more likely to have received seasonal influenza vaccination than test-negative control patients. Different bodies, including scientific journals and government scientific advisory committees, reviewed the evidence simultaneously to determine its scientific validity and implications. Decision-making was complicated when the findings made their way into the media. The normal trajectory of non-urgent research includes peer-review publication after which decision-makers can process the information taking into account other evidence and logistic considerations. In the situation that arose, however, the congruence of an unexpected finding and the simultaneous review of the evidence both within and outside the traditional peer-review sphere raised several interesting issues about how to deal with emerging evidence during a public health emergency. These events are used in this article to aid discussion of the complex interrelationship between researchers, public health decision-makers and scientific journals, the trade-offs between sharing information early and maintaining the peer-review quality assurance process, and to emphasise the need for critical reflection on the practical and ethical norms that govern the way in which research is evaluated, published and communicated in public health emergencies. Context of research, public health and scientific journals -three solitudes?Improving population health relies on the generation of knowledge by researchers as well as the communication and translation of knowledge to action by public health decision-makers. During public health emergencies, undertaking rapid high-quality scientific research and communicating research findings is a practical, professional and ethical imperative. In such contexts, the need for evidence is most pressing, but short timelines, limited data and the pressure of competing priorities make acquiring this evidence challenging. The speed at which information is needed by policymakers may be faster than usually possible through traditional mechanisms of research dissemination. As an example, only 7% of studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were published during the 2003 outbreak [1].

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Association Between Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in 2008–2009 and Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Infection Among School Students From Kobe, Japan, April–June 2009

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Surveillance and Vaccine Effectiveness of an Influenza Epidemic Predominated by Vaccine-Mismatched Influenza B/Yamagata-Lineage Viruses in Taiwan, 2011−12 Season

Surveillance and Vaccine Effectiveness of an Influenza Epidemic Predominated by Vaccine-Mismatched Influenza B/Yamagata-Lineage Viruses in Taiwan, 2011−12 Season

Partial protection against 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) of seasonal influenza vaccination and related regional factors: Updated systematic review and meta-analyses

The ethics of sharing preliminary research findings during public health emergencies: a case study from the 2009 influenza pandemic

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