Association between Serum Ferritin, Hemoglobin, Vitamin D3, Serum Albumin, Calcium, Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone with Early Childhood Caries: A Case–Control Study

Abstract

Aim and objective This study aimed to contrast and compare serum ferritin, hemoglobin, Vitamin D 3 , Ca ++ , thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and serum albumin levels between preschoolers with severe caries (SC) and measures taken for caries control. Materials and methods A sample size of 300 children was selected but only 266 participated; 54.14% with SC and 45.86% caries-free. Blood samples for serum ferritin, hemoglobin, Vitamin D 3 , Ca ++ , TRH, and serum albumin levels were taken. Results The mean age was estimated to be 40.82 + 14.09 months. The serum ferritin level estimated mean value for sample pedodontic subjects came to be 29.58 ± 17.87 μg/L whereas their hemoglobin level with mean value 115.13 ± 10.12 g/L was measured. Logistic regression analysis (LRA) suggested that children with SC were nearly two times as likely to have ferritin level depreciation and likely six times more chance of FeDA (iron deficiency anemia) than in children with caries control. Children with SC had significantly lower mean Vitamin D 3 value ( p < 0.001), Ca ++ ( p < 0.001), and serum albumin ( p < 0.001) levels, and significantly higher thyrotropin-releasing factor ( p < 0.001) levels than those subjects without caries. Conclusion Analysis of children with SC at a very young age significantly showed an increased chance of low ferritin levels than children with a caries-free mouth. The level of hemoglobin was deficient in children with SC at a very young age. Children with SC at a very young age appeared to be malnourished when compared with children without dental caries. Other contrasting parameters like FeDA, Vitamin D 3 , Ca ++ , and serum albumin concentrations were significantly deficient in children with SC at a very young age, in contrast, to a sample of children with a caries-free mouth. The analysis also suggested an increased level of TRH. Clinical significance The following research study sets a benchmark for the dental fraternity and other health specialists to analyze serum ferritin, hemoglobin, Vitamin D 3 , Ca ++ , TRH, and serum albumin levels while generally treating pediatric patients. Accordingly, supplements should be prescribed rationally even in dental caries. How to cite this article Jha A, Jha S, Shree R, et al. Association between Serum Ferritin, Hemoglobin, Vitamin D 3 , Serum Albumin, Calcium, Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone with Early Childhood Caries: A Case–Control Study. Int J Clin Pediatr D...

The impact of vitamin D deficiency on caries, periodontitis, and oral cancer: A systematic review

“…Table 1 , Table 2 , Table 3 detail the 32 studies (2017–2022) with varied designs, countries, and subjects' ages. There are 15 cross-sectional studies ( Agrawal et al, 2019 , Akinkugbe et al, 2019 , Carvalho Silva et al, 2021 , Dinda et al, 2020 , Fatturi et al, 2020 , Herzog and Ordóñez-Mena, 2022 , Isola et al, 2020 , Pratyusha et al, 2021 , Seminario et al, 2018 , Sufiawati et al, 2021 , Wang et al, 2019 , Yilidiz Telatar and Saydam, 2020 , Yussif and Selim, 2021 , Zhou et al, 2021 , Zhou et al, 2020 ), 10 case-control studies ( Alzahrani et al, 2021 , Aribam et al, 2020 , Gupta et al, 2022 , Ho et al, 2017 , Jha et al, 2021 , Ketharanathan et al, 2019 , Marian et al, 2019 , Nireeksha et al, 2022 , Protyusha and Sundharam, 2021 , Yuce et al, 2017 ), one combining both ( Hussein et al, 2021 ), one clinico-biochemical study ( Bhargava et al, 2019 ), and 5 without mentioned design ( Anbarcioglu et al, 2019 , Bayirli et al, 2020 , Duman et al, 2022 , Isola et al, 2021 , Madalena et al, 2020 ). Among them, 19 focused on adults, 10 on children, one on both adults and children, and one did not specify age ( Dinda et al, 2020 ).…”

Implication of serum and salivary albumin tests in the recent oral health related epidemiological studies: A narrative review

“… Dental caries (measured by DMFT) Salivary albumin Caries, age, and salivary proteins including albumin were significantly correlated. Yes (Jha, Jha et al, 2021 ) 266 child participants (S-ECC group and caries-free groups) Cross-sectional Serum albumin, Vitamin D3, hemoglobin, ferritin, Ca++ and TRH. S-ECC Serum albumin Serum albumin, Vitamin D3 and Ca++ concentrations were significantly deficient in S-ECC youngsters compared to caries-free group.…”

Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms Relationship to Risk Level of Dental Caries

“…Furthermore, nine studies have investigated the relationship between VD deficiency and ECC or S-ECC. More specifically, there was a negative correlation between VDD and increased risk of ECC [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]; for example, Singleton et al [41] stated that deficient cord blood 25(OH)D levels (<30 nmol/L) had a significant impact on the dmft in the follow-up period between 12 and 35 months of infants' age, with dmft scores that were double in relation to nondeficient concentrations. In the same study, no significant association between insufficient levels of 25(OH)D (<50 nmol/L) and ECC was reported.…”

“…Deficient and insufficient levels of VD led to a higher odds ratio for S-ECC in children compared to optimal VD levels, according to two studies that have been conducted in Canada and North America [43,44]. Only one case-control study reported levels of VD in children without caries comparatively higher than in children with severe caries at a mean age of 40.82 months, even if the mean levels of VD were close to optimal [42]. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 1638 children from Poland concluded that the prevalence of ECC and S-ECC was significantly lower in children receiving VD supplementation.…”