Background and Aims: Host immune response is altered by a series of physiologic and pathologic factors like age, gender, inflammation, surgery, medication etc., The present study was conducted to evaluate differences in salivary IgA (S-IgA) levels among pedodontic subjects undergoing active orthodontic treatment with fixed and removable appliance. The levels of S- IgA were determined before 3 months and 6 months post active orthodontic treatment. Methods: A total of 40 healthy pedodontic subjects (aged 8-15 years) were recruited in the present study. They were equally divided into Group A (fixed orthodontic group) and Group B (removable orthodontic group) with 20 subjects each. 1.5 mL of saliva per subject was obtained before 3 and 6 months after treatment. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique was used for measurement of Salivary IgA levels. Results: Group A and B both showed significant rise in S-IgA levels 3 months and 6 months post active orthodontic treatment. Mean value of S-IgA 3 months post treatment in the saliva of children in group B and group A were (144.27 ± 5.32) and (164.0 ± 3.23) μg/ml respectively. While mean value of S-IgA after 6 months of treatment in group B and group A were (149.8 ± 6.02) and (166.4 ± 3.65) μg/ml respectively. Conclusion: Salivary Immunoglobulin A level values were significantly higher statistically in both group A and group B post active orthodontic treatment than before. The results however, showed that Group A (fixed orthodontic group) showed statistically significant higher levels of S-IgA than Group B (removable orthodontic group). Active orthodontic treatment triggered a stronger stimulus for oral secretory immunity, hence the increase in levels were detected. There is a significant positive correlation between S-IgA and active fixed as well as removable orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic treatment is hence a local immunogenic factor.

Aim and objective This study aimed to contrast and compare serum ferritin, hemoglobin, Vitamin D 3 , Ca ++ , thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and serum albumin levels between preschoolers with severe caries (SC) and measures taken for caries control. Materials and methods A sample size of 300 children was selected but only 266 participated; 54.14% with SC and 45.86% caries-free. Blood samples for serum ferritin, hemoglobin, Vitamin D 3 , Ca ++ , TRH, and serum albumin levels were taken. Results The mean age was estimated to be 40.82 + 14.09 months. The serum ferritin level estimated mean value for sample pedodontic subjects came to be 29.58 ± 17.87 μg/L whereas their hemoglobin level with mean value 115.13 ± 10.12 g/L was measured. Logistic regression analysis (LRA) suggested that children with SC were nearly two times as likely to have ferritin level depreciation and likely six times more chance of FeDA (iron deficiency anemia) than in children with caries control. Children with SC had significantly lower mean Vitamin D 3 value ( p < 0.001), Ca ++ ( p < 0.001), and serum albumin ( p < 0.001) levels, and significantly higher thyrotropin-releasing factor ( p < 0.001) levels than those subjects without caries. Conclusion Analysis of children with SC at a very young age significantly showed an increased chance of low ferritin levels than children with a caries-free mouth. The level of hemoglobin was deficient in children with SC at a very young age. Children with SC at a very young age appeared to be malnourished when compared with children without dental caries. Other contrasting parameters like FeDA, Vitamin D 3 , Ca ++ , and serum albumin concentrations were significantly deficient in children with SC at a very young age, in contrast, to a sample of children with a caries-free mouth. The analysis also suggested an increased level of TRH. Clinical significance The following research study sets a benchmark for the dental fraternity and other health specialists to analyze serum ferritin, hemoglobin, Vitamin D 3 , Ca ++ , TRH, and serum albumin levels while generally treating pediatric patients. Accordingly, supplements should be prescribed rationally even in dental caries. How to cite this article Jha A, Jha S, Shree R, et al. Association between Serum Ferritin, Hemoglobin, Vitamin D 3 , Serum Albumin, Calcium, Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone with Early Childhood Caries: A Case–Control Study. Int J Clin Pediatr D...

The precise origin of cervical vertebral anomalies is still unstated, but it has been suggested that the association between abnormal development of cervical vertebrae and the maxilla and the mandible might be caused by a developmental fault of the mesenchyme as these structures might be dependent on the similar para-axial mesoderm. Hence it is appropriate to focus on this area of research and to consider the craniofacial morphology as an important diagnostic tool in Orthodontic treatment planning. The present study was planned to evaluate the association of Cleft lip and Cleft palate with cervical vertebral anomalies. The present study was planned in Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India. Thirty cases of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate (CLCP) patients were enrolled in the present study. The age of the patients ranged from 5 years to 15 years. The cleft sample were subdivided into patients with CP only, and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Radiographs were examined on a film viewer by a single examiner. The profile of first four cervical vertebrae and Atlanto Occipital Articulation were structurally traced on an acetate paper with 3H lead pencil under optimum illumination and Cervical Vertebral Anomalies (CVA) were registered and categorized into Posterior Arch Deficiencies - PAD (dehiscence and spina bifid) and fusion. The present study concludes the association between cleft lip and palate and Cervical Vertebral Anomalies indicating that CVA may be implicated as the etiology of cleft lip and palate. The present study showed a specific relation between the Cleft Palate and cervical anomalies and the vertebral anomalies following a specific pattern in different types of cleft was found to be PAD which occurred more frequently in UCLP and CP only and fusion occurring significantly more often in BCLP. Keywords: Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate; Cervical Vertebral Anomalies; Dehiscence; Fusion; Lateral Cephalograph

Aim: The present study aimed at analysing the probable effects of full mouth oral rehabilitation on bite forces at their maximum extent in young paediatric patients with primary as well as mixed dentitions. Methodology: The present study is one of a kind and explores the maximum bite forces in young children. A statistically significant number of children ( n = 30) with a mean age of 6.54 years. About 44.75% were boys and 55.25% were girls. The maximum voluntary bite force was assessed for each participant immediately before treatment and 1 month (3–5 weeks) following completion of the needful dental treatment. The difference in bite force magnitude before and after dental treatment was analysed statistically. In addition, the correlations of key variables including, age, height, weight, BMI, gender and caries severity or dental status with maximum bite force were statistically analysed. Results: The mean maximum bite force for the total sample ( n = 30) prior to treatment was found to be 167.83 N (SD = 65.20). The mean bite force in the male subgroup was 175.39 N (SD = 64.69) while for the females the mean bite force was equal to 166.29 N (SD = 68.93). Following comprehensive dental treatment, the recorded mean maximum bite force for the children ( n = 30) who attended the post-treatment review appointment was 182.60 N (SD = 68.58). Conclusion: The essential factors such as the extent of dental caries, their severity, presence of clinical signs and symptoms has a negative impact on maximum bite force.