Association between Serum Total Bilirubin Level and Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in China: A Cross-Sectional, Case-Control Study

Abstract

Objective. To investigate the relationship between peripheral blood total bilirubin (TBIL) levels and the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods. This study was a cross-sectional, case-control study design. Between April 2021 and January 2022, 198 POAG patients and 205 healthy subjects were recruited from the EENT Hospital of Fudan University. Their clinical information (intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, vertical cup-disk ratios (VCDR), and axial length) and demographic data were collected. Serum levels of TBIL were measured in enzymes using a Roche C702 biochemical analyzer. The POAG subgroups were classified by gender and VCDR: mild ( VCDR ≤ 0.64 ), moderate ( VCDR ≤ 0.85 ), and severe ( VCDR > 0.85 ). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results. The level of TBIL ( 11.58 ± 5.16 μmol/L) in the POAG group was higher than that in the control group ( 10.18 ± 3.38 μmol/L; p < 0.05 ). In the male subgroup, TBIL was also significantly higher than in the normal control group; TBIL levels were lower in the mild subgroup ( 10.82 ± 4.48 μmol/L), followed by the moderate subgroup ( 12.00 ± 5.55 μmol/L) and the severe subgroup ( 14.47 ± 5.45 μmol/L). The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high TBIL levels were a risk factor for male POAG, at 1.126 (95% CI 1.009–1.256). Pearson’s analysis revealed that TBIL was positively correlated with intraocular pressure ( r = 0.134 , p = 0.012 ), VCDR ( r = 0.142 , p = 0.046 ), anterior chamber depth ( r = 0.190 , p = 0.014 ), and axial length ( r = 0.179 , p = 0.019 ) in the patients. However, no statistical difference ( p < 0.05 ) was observed in the female patients with POAG. Conclusion. The results showed that high levels of TBIL may be related to the pathogenesis of POAG and that the severity of the disease is positively correlated, especially in male patients.

The causal effect of oxidative stress on the risk of glaucoma

“…Experimental studies have shown that total bilirubin can effectively scavenge ROS and inhibit the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, ultimately reducing oxidative stress [ 60 ]. Shao et al demonstrated that high TBIL levels are a risk factor for POAG in men, but not in women [ 61 ]. A retrospective case-control study indicated that glaucoma patients had lower serum albumin and bilirubin levels than healthy controls [ 62 ].…”