Association between smoking and COVID-19 severity: A multicentre retrospective observational study

Abstract

The relationship between smoking and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking status (current smoking and a smoking history) on the clinical severity of COVID-19. Data of all enrolled 588 patients, who were referred to 25 hospitals in Jiangsu province between January 10, 2020 and March 14, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate regression, random forest algorithms, and additive interaction were used to estimate the importance of selective predictor variables in the relationship between smoking and COVID-19 severity. In the univariate analysis, the proportion of patients with a current smoking status in the severe group was significantly higher than that in the non-severe group. In the multivariate analysis, current smoking remained a risk factor for severe COVID-19. Data from the interaction analysis showed a strong interaction between the number of comorbidities in patients with COVID-19 and smoking. However, no significant interaction was found between smoking and specific comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, etc. In the random forest model, smoking history was ranked sixth in mean decrease accuracy. Active smoking may be significantly associated with an enhanced risk of COVID-19 progression towards severe disease. However, additional prospective studies are needed to clarify the complex relationship between smoking and COVID-19 severity.

COVID-19 Mortality and Severity in Cancer Patients and Cancer Survivors

“…23 24 Previous studies showed that active smoking was related to increased risk of COVID-19 progression towards severe disease. 25 26 Furthermore, cancer survivors are considered to be under better hypertension control than the general population because they were more likely to engage in better hypertension management behavior. 27 Because higher uncontrolled blood pressure could contribute to a more severe disease course, 28 relatively well-controlled chronic diseases such as hypertension may have lowered the risk of hospitalization and hospitalization for severe disease after COVID-19.…”

The pathogenetic influence of smoking on SARS-CoV-2 infection: Integrative transcriptome and regulomics analysis of lung epithelial cells

“…Many countries are affected by COVID-19. There are some studies reported in the literature on the association of COVID-19 and smoking [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] . Among them, Vardavas et al.…”

Chitosan-nanocrystal cellulose composite coating could inhibit fruit decay rate and maintain the texture parameters of fruit in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus [L.] Moench)

“…Polysaccharides are typically used as biological coating materials for preservation of okra. Adding physiologically active substances (e.g., phytic acid) to the polysaccharide coating solution can further improve the preservation effect (He et al, 2021). Recently, other techniques have been used to preserve fresh okra, including low-density polyethylene (Paulus et al, 2021) and nano-ZnO combined with ultraviolet irradiation (Ji and Wang, 2020).…”