Association between socioeconomic status and small‐for‐gestational‐age in Japan: A single center retrospective cohort study

Hayashi, Ikuyo; Takakura, Kenji; Yamaguchi, Ken; Sumitomo, Masahiro; Suzuki, Maki; Sumitomo, Aya; Minato, Satomi; Nose, Naoko; Nagai, Narumi; Sakane, Naoki

doi:10.1111/jog.14069

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Furthermore, infants born to mothers younger than 20 years had significantly more SGA [ 28 ] (cOR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.17–3.17). Mothers over 40 years of age are more likely to become pregnant via ART [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth weight reference for Japanese twins and risk factors for infant mortality: A population-based study

Ishida

Takemoto²,

Kato³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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There is no standard birth weight curve for twins in Japan other than a prototype curve based on 1988–1991. Twins have a high perinatal mortality rate than singletons; therefore, we developed a new standard curve for twin birth weight using data from the 1995–2016 Vital Statistics and compared it with previous reports. We used 469,064 cases for analysis, excluding stillbirths and cases with missing values, and created a standard curve using LMS (statistical methods to vary the distribution by using skewness, median, and coefficient of variation) method. In comparison with previous reports, the mean birth weight decreased by 100–200 g. The groups with the lowest neonatal death rates (NDRs) and infant death rates (IDRs) were those with a birth weight of 1,500–2,499 g (NDR: 0.3%, IDR: 0.6%) and those born at 34–36 weeks (NDR: 0.2%, IDR: 0.4%). Compared to these, the IDR was significantly higher in the 2,500–3,999 g group and the 37–39 weeks group (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.1 in the 2,500–3,999 g group, IRR: 1.3 in the 37w0d–39w6d group). In particular, the risks of neonatal mortality and infant mortality were higher in infants born at a birth weight above 3,500 g. Infants born at a birth weight above 3,500 g may include recipients of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. The most common causes of infant mortality are accidental death and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). We considered the possibility that infants treated as healthy newborns and whose mothers were discharged from the hospital without adequate twin care guidance may be more likely to experience unintentional accidents and SIDS at home. The present study suggested that creating a new twin birth weight standard curve and guidance on managing twins at home for full-term and normal birth weight infants may lead to a reduction in infant deaths.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth weight reference for Japanese twins and risk factors for infant mortality: A population-based study

Ishida

Takemoto²,

Kato³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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“…SGA is often defined as a birth weight below the 10th percentile of the sex- and gestational age-specific standard reference value [ 8 , 25 ]. In Japan, previous studies of SGA births generally used a sex- parity- and gestational age-specific standard reference for birthweight based on a Japanese neonatal anthropometric chart [ 7 , 15 , 26 , 27 ]. Following this precedent, we defined SGA infants as those with birth weight below the 10th percentile of the same standard reference.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference in risk of preterm and small-for-gestational-age birth depending on maternal occupations in Japan

Okui

2023

BMC Res Notes

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Objectives In this study, an association between the mother’s occupations with preterm and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births was investigated using national data in Japan, and individual-level birth data from the Report of Vital Statistics: Occupational and Industrial Aspects in the 2015 fiscal year were used. Preterm and SGA birth rates were calculated for each of infant characteristics, and relative risk of each type of maternal occupations (categorized into 12 types) for the outcomes was estimated using a log binomial regression model. Results Data of 997,600 singleton births were analyzed. Among maternal occupations, preterm birth rate was highest among carrying, cleaning, packaging, and related workers (5.65%) and lowest among security workers (4.24%). SGA birth rate was highest among manufacturing process workers (5.91%) and lowest among security workers (4.00%). We found significantly elevated risks for preterm birth among manufacturing process workers compared with unemployed mothers, and significantly elevated risks for SGA birth compared with unemployed mothers were observed among sales workers, service workers, and manufacturing process workers. In contrast, security workers had a significantly decreased risk for SGA birth compared with unemployed mothers.

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“…In Japan, certain socioeconomic factors, including household income and parental educational levels, influence SGA and preterm birth. 12 13 14 Therefore, there is a possibility that non-regular employment in parents may also affect adverse birth outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the association between non-regular employment and adverse birth outcomes: an analysis of national data in Japan

Okui,

Nakashima

2024

Ann Occup Environ Med

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Background As few studies have explored the association between non-regular or precarious employment in parents and adverse birth outcomes, this study aimed to investigate this association using national data in Japan. Methods This study utilized the census data from 2020 and birth data from the vital statistics in 2021 and 2022 in the analysis. Adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth, term low birth weight (TLBW), and small-for-gestational-age, were examined. Data linkage was conducted between birth data and census data to link parental employment statuses and educational attainments with birth data. Rates of adverse birth outcomes were calculated for each parental employment status. Additionally, regression analysis was used to determine adjusted risk ratios (RRs) of parental employment statuses for each birth outcome. Results After data linkage, 334,110 birth records were included in the statistical analysis. Rates for non-regular workers were consistently higher than those for regular workers across all adverse birth outcomes for maternal employment status. Results of regression analyses indicated that the risks of preterm birth for non-regular workers were statistically significantly higher than those for regular workers, both in mothers and fathers with a RR (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of 1.053 (1.004–1.104) and 1.142 (1.032–1.264), respectively. Furthermore, the risk of TLBW birth for non-regular workers was statistically significantly higher than that for regular workers in fathers (RR [95% CI]: 1.092 [1.043–1.143]). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that non-regular workers have a higher risk of some adverse birth outcomes compared to regular workers.

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Association between socioeconomic status and small‐for‐gestational‐age in Japan: A single center retrospective cohort study

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Birth weight reference for Japanese twins and risk factors for infant mortality: A population-based study

Birth weight reference for Japanese twins and risk factors for infant mortality: A population-based study

Difference in risk of preterm and small-for-gestational-age birth depending on maternal occupations in Japan

Exploring the association between non-regular employment and adverse birth outcomes: an analysis of national data in Japan

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