Association Between the Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII) and Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Among Children and Adolescents: NHANES 2015-2018

Abstract

ObjectivesTo explore the association of Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII) scores with inflammation and markers of inflammatory factors in children and adolescents.MethodsData on dietary nutrient intake, markers of inflammation (ferritin, alkaline phosphatase, C-reactive protein (CRP), absolute neutrophil cell count and lymphocyte count) and oxidative stress (serum bilirubin, albumin, and iron) were available for participants aged 6–19 years (n = 1281). Each participant's C-DII score was calculated based on a 24-h diet and recall. Generalized linear models were applied to examine associations between C-DII and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, while adjusting for covariates. Restricted cubic splines were used to explore the dose-response association of C-DII scores with indicators of inflammatory oxidative stress. Akaike's Information Criterionwas applied to compare the performance of linear and non-linear models.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, quantile regression results showed that when comparing C-DII quartile 4 (most pro-inflammatory) and quartile 1 (most anti-inflammatory), lymphocytes, ferritin, CRP were statistically significant differences in serum bilirubin, albumin and serum iron (P < 0.05). The C-DII score showed a non-linear relationship with inflammatory oxidative stress indicators. Overweight/obese children and adolescents who ate a high pro-inflammatory diet were more likely to have higher levels of inflammatory cytokines (P = 0.002).ConclusionsThe dietary inflammatory index in children is associated with markers of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. A pro-inflammatory diet resulted in increased serum concentrations of these markers, implying that early dietary interventions have implications for reducing chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in children and adolescents.

Association between dietary inflammation index and hypertension in participants with different degrees of liver steatosis

“…The study performed by Zhang X et al. demonstrated that the level of DII was significantly positively correlated with SBP and DBP [ 46 ]. In the present study, we demonstrated that patients in the highest DII tertiles group had lower SBP and DBP in the male S0 group.…”

The association between dietary inflammation index and bone mineral density: results from the United States National Health and nutrition examination surveys

“…The higher the absolute value of DII, the stronger the effect of diet on inflammation. DII has been reported to strongly correlate with many chronic diseases, such as coronary heart disease [ 18 ], metabolic syndrome [ 19 ], cancer [ 20 ], and osteoarthritis [ 21 ]. Studies demonstrated that a low DII diet was related to improved BMD in postmenopausal women of different races [ 22–24 ].…”

How Does Dietary Intake Relate to Dispositional Optimism and Health-Related Quality of Life in Germline BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers?

“…This has prompted research into developing a literature-derived index to reflect the inflammatory potential of diets; the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) [ 19 ] scores an individual’s diet on a continuum from anti- to pro-inflammatory. A pro-inflammatory diet has been linked to an increased cardiovascular risk and mortality [ 20 ], and it increases the likelihood of both metabolic syndrome (MetS) [ 21 ] and various types of cancer [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Recent studies indicate a negative association between a pro-inflammatory diet and HRQoL [ 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”