Association between the type of physical activity and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older adult residents of a semi-mountainous area in Japan

Abstract

Background Physical activity is reported to prevent metabolic syndrome. However, it is unclear whether exercise or daily physical activity is more beneficial for residents of semi-mountainous areas. This study aimed to identify whether daily physical activity is more beneficial than exercise for the prevention of metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and older residents in semi-mountainous areas. Methods We analyzed secondary data of 636 people who underwent a specific health checkup in a semi-mountainous area of Japan. Physical activity was classified into four types: inactivity (I-type; without exercise and without daily physical activity), only exercise (E-type; with exercise and without daily physical activity), only daily physical activity (D-type; without exercise and with daily physical activity), and full physical activity type (F-type; with exercise and with daily physical activity). We compared the means of risk factors for metabolic syndrome by these four types, followed by logistic regression analysis, to identify whether and to what extent the D-type was less likely to have metabolic syndrome than the E-type. Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 28.5% (men 45.7%, women 15.8%). The proportions of men with exercise and daily physical activity were 38.7% and 52.8%, respectively. For women, the proportions were 33.0% and 47.1%, respectively. In women, the D-type had the significantly lowest BMI, smallest waist circumference, highest HDL-C, and lowest prevalence of metabolic syndrome of the four types; the same was not observed in men. Additionally, D-type activity was more strongly associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome than E-type activity in women (adjusted odds ratio 0.24; 95% confidence interval 0.06–0.85, P = 0.028). Conclusions Compared to middle-aged and older women residents with exercise in a semi-mountainous area of Japan, those with daily physical activity may effectively prevent metabolic syndrome.

Comparison of metabolic risk factors, lipid indices, healthy eating index and physical activity among premenopausal, menopausal, and Postmenopausal women

“…Of course, it may be due to the in uence of various factors except estrogen level, smoking, physical activity and diet on HDL levels in the study group. [25] Before menopause, the accumulation of fat in the lower body is widely distributed due to the secretion of estrogen. During menopause, changes in hormone secretion are the cause of visceral fat accumulation in the abdomen and abdominal obesity and insulin resistance.…”

“Big Data” Approaches for Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome

“…The positive link between physical inactivity and metabolic diseases has long been recognized, and this link for MetS has recently been confirmed with abundant evidence ( Amirfaiz and Shahril, 2018 ). Furthermore, physical activity which consists of daily physical activity and exercise has been shown to prevent MetS and its outcomes ( Kudo et al, 2021 ). For MetS intervention, increased physical activity (in particular aerobic exercise) has been shown to improve dyslipidemia and insulin sensitivity, and more specifically, resistance training plus aerobic high-intensity interval training improves fasting glucose low density lipoprotein and insulin secretion, while resistance training plus moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training reduces triglycerides ( Da Silva et al, 2020 ).…”

Association between Physical Activity and Seasonal Variations in Metabolic and Vascular Function in Adults

“…Variability in habitual PA may be linked to residence [65,66], income [67], and climate conditions, such as precipitation, humidity, air pollution, and outdoor temperature [68,69]. The general amount of PA is lower in winter than in summer in both sexes [70,71], which is likely due to the observation that individuals are often less active and more sedentary during winter than during spring and summer [14,15].…”