Association between Training Load and Well-Being Measures in Young Soccer Players during a Season

Nobari, Hadi; Alves, Ana Ruivo; Haghighi, Hamed; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Carlos‐Vivas, Jorge; Pérez‐Gómez, Jorge; Ardigò, Luca Paolo

doi:10.3390/ijerph18094451

Cited by 34 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…According to Nobari et al [46], the highest wAWL and wCWL reduction occur in the early-and mid-season, respectively. This is in line with our findings that showed a significant wCWL decrease in the mid-season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fluctuations of Training Load Variables in Elite Soccer Players U-14 throughout the Competition Season

et al. 2021

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Excessive daily training load (TL) can affect the musculoskeletal system health of youth elite soccer players. The purposes of this study were (i) to describe the TL and session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) throughout the competition season; (ii) to analyze the weekly (w) differences of acute (daily) workload (wAWL), chronic workload (wCWL), acute–chronic workload ratio, training monotony (wTM), and training strain (wTS) among three periods over the season (early-, mid-, and end-season) by playing position; and (iii) to compare the TL variables during competition periods for the whole team. Twenty young elite soccer players in the under-14 category participated in this study. The game positions were considered as six wide defenders and wide midfielders (WM), five central defenders and central midfielders, and four strikers (ST). Daily monitoring was continued for 26 weeks during a full competition season. According to the league schedule, the season was divided into three periods: early-season from w1 to w8, mid-season from w9 to w17, and end-season from w18 to w26. The main results were that the higher TLs were detected in the early- and mid-season. There was a wAWL and wCWL decrease for all playing positions from early- to mid- and end-season, but the wCWL change was significant only from early- to mid-season (p ≤ 0.05). For all playing positions but ST, there was a considerable wTM increase from early- to mid-season. When compared with all other playing positions in terms of wAWL and wCWL, WM showed significantly greater values (p ≤ 0.05). Throughout the season periods, all workload indicators showed a considerable reduction, although there was a significant increase in the three other workload-derived variables (all with p ≤ 0.05) and namely: (i) wACWLR from mid- to end-season; (ii) wTM from early- to mid- and end-season; and (iii) wTS from early- to mid-season. Daily training load and s-RPE had significant fluctuations during all macrocycles of the competition season (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, in the mid-season, wTM and wTS were higher. Training load monitoring (in terms of, e.g., wAWL, wCWL, and s-RPE) could be the key for coaches of soccer teams to prevent overtraining and injury, especially in U-14 players, who are more susceptible to being affected by high workload.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fluctuations of Training Load Variables in Elite Soccer Players U-14 throughout the Competition Season

et al. 2021

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“…All the runners were informed about the RPE scale before the study started and were familiarized on the use of this scale, including anchoring procedures [39]. The validity and reliability of Borg's scale in determining the training load of athletes, has been confirmed in previous studies [40].…”

Section: Rating Of Perceived Exertionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Effect of Static and Dynamic Stretching during Warm-Up on Running Economy and Perception of Effort in Recreational Endurance Runners

Faelli

Panascì

Ferrando

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This randomized crossover counterbalanced study investigated, in recreational runners, the acute effects of pre-exercise stretching on physiological and metabolic responses, endurance performance, and perception of effort. Eight male endurance runners (age 36 ± 11 years) performed three running-until-exhaustion tests, preceded by three warm-ups, including the following different stretching protocols: static (SS), dynamic (DS), and no-stretching (NS). During the SS and DS sessions, the warm-up consisted of 10 min of running plus 5 min of SS or DS, respectively, while during the NS session, the warm-up consisted of 15 min of running. Physiological and metabolic responses, and endurance running performance parameters, were evaluated. The perception of effort was derived from the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Running economy significantly improved after SS (p < 0.05) and DS (p < 0.01), and RPE values were significantly lower in SS (p < 0.05) and DS (p < 0.01), compared to NS. No differences in physiological and metabolic responses among the sessions were found. This study showed that including SS and DS within the warm-up ameliorated running economy and decreased the perception of effort during a running-until-exhaustion test, highlighting the benefits of stretching on endurance performance. These results should encourage recreational runners to insert stretching during warm-up, to optimize the running energy costs, reducing the perception of effort and making the training sessions more enjoyable.

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“…Wellbeing questionnaires were collected everyday through a software program (Soccer System Pro, Barcelona, Spain) on an iPad Air (Apple, Cupertino, CA, USA) located in the changing room of the players. Players were familiarized with this questionnaire, which was distributed according to previous recommendations [27][28][29] and comprised different questions such as fatigue, muscle soreness, sleep quality and stress scored on a five-point Likert scale (values 1-5 with 1 point of increment, where 1 means very good ratings and 5 very bad). The number of sleep hours was also collected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Damage Biomarkers in Congestion Weeks in English Premier League Soccer Players: A Prospective Study for Two Consecutive Seasons

García-Romero-Pérez

Ordóñez

Reyes-Gil

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The current study was conducted to compare muscle damage biomarkers in single- vs. multi-match weeks in elite soccer players for two consecutive seasons. A secondary objective was to analyze the influence of playing position and exposure time on muscle damage in single- vs. multi-match weeks. This is a prospective cohort study performed in a professional elite soccer club in the English Premier League during the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 seasons up until the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected in the Medical Department Room of an English Premier League Club before and after the soccer game from a total of 29 elite soccer players (mean ± S.D.; age = 27.59 ± 3.83 years; height = 1.83 ± 0.05 m; body mass = 80.16 ± 7.45 kg) who were enrolled in the club during both seasons. The main outcome measurements were creatine kinase (CK), weight, lean mass, % fat DEXA, high speed running, total distance, density of total distance and high-speed running and wellbeing questionnaires. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Players who completed more than 60 min in the previous game had significantly increased pregame CK levels and fatigue in multi-match weeks. Midfielders had both significantly increased pregame CK and muscle soreness in multi-match weeks. Midfielders and players with an exposure time of at least 60 min showed higher pregame CK values that should play a key role for deciding substitutions.

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Association between Training Load and Well-Being Measures in Young Soccer Players during a Season

Cited by 34 publications

References 48 publications

Fluctuations of Training Load Variables in Elite Soccer Players U-14 throughout the Competition Season

Fluctuations of Training Load Variables in Elite Soccer Players U-14 throughout the Competition Season

The Effect of Static and Dynamic Stretching during Warm-Up on Running Economy and Perception of Effort in Recreational Endurance Runners

Muscle Damage Biomarkers in Congestion Weeks in English Premier League Soccer Players: A Prospective Study for Two Consecutive Seasons

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