Association between walking distance and percentiles of body mass index in older and younger men

Williams, Paul T.

doi:10.1136/bjsm.2007.041822

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The participants completed a four page survey on running and walking history (average weekly mileage over the preceding 5 years, minutes required to run or walk a mile, frequency of runs and walks per week >10 min, longest usual run or walk), height, current weight and body circumferences, diet (vegetarianism and the current weekly intakes of alcohol, red meat, fish, fruit), cigarette use, and history of diseases [30,33,38, 39]. Height and weight were determined by asking the participant, “What is your current height (in inches, without shoes)?” and, “What is your current weight (pre-pregnancy weight if pregnant)?” BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters.…”

Section: Methods and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Self-reported waist circumference as elicited by the question, “Please provide, to the best of your ability, your body circumference in inches: waist___, hip___, and chest___,” without further instruction. Elsewhere, we have reported the strong correlations between self-reported and clinically measured heights (r=0.96) and weights (r=0.96) [33]. Self-reported waist circumferences were somewhat less precise, as indicated by their correlation with reported circumferences on a second questionnaire (r=0.84) and with their clinical measurements (r=0.68) [33].…”

Section: Methods and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elsewhere, we have reported the strong correlations between self-reported and clinically measured heights (r=0.96) and weights (r=0.96) [33]. Self-reported waist circumferences were somewhat less precise, as indicated by their correlation with reported circumferences on a second questionnaire (r=0.84) and with their clinical measurements (r=0.68) [33]. The study protocol was approved by the University of California Berkeley committee for the protection of human subjects, and all subjects provided a signed statement of informed consent.…”

Section: Methods and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, is the question of quantile-specific effects. Cross-sectionally, we have shown that the potencies of obesity risk factors (e.g., deficient exercise levels, diet, family history, socio-economic status) are strongly dependent upon the percentile of the body weight distribution (i.e., more potent at the 90 th than the 10 th BMI percentile) [30,33,35,38,39]. Because body weight may affect the choice of activity (leaner runners vs. heavier walkers), quantile effects could distort the estimated efficacy of different physical activities in preventing weight gain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The National Runners’ and Walkers’ Health Study cohorts are unique in their being created expressly for the purpose of comparing specific physical activities to health outcomes [39,38,30,33]. Walking and running provide an ideal test of the health benefit of moderate intensity exercise (i.e., exercise requiring between 3 and 6 times the energy expenditure of sitting at rest [19]) versus vigorous intensity exercise (i.e., requiring more than 6-fold resting energy expenditure [19]) because they involve the same muscle groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Greater Weight Loss from Running than Walking during a 6.2-yr Prospective Follow-up

Williams¹

2013

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose Test whether equivalent changes in moderate (walking) and vigorous exercise (running) produce equivalent weight loss under free-living, non-experimental conditions. Methods Regression analyses of changes (Δ) in BMI vs. exercise energy expenditure (ΔMETh/d, 1 metabolic equivalent or MET=3.5 ml O2•kg−1•min−1) from survey questionnaires completed at baseline and 6.2 years thereafter in 15,237 walkers and 32,216 runners. Results At baseline, walkers spent less energy walking than runners spent running (mean±SD males: 2.22±1.65 vs. 5.31±3.12, females: 2.15±1.63 vs. 4.76±3.03 METh/d) and walkers were significantly heavier than runners (males: 26.63±4.04 vs. 24.09±2.58, females: 25.44±5.14 vs. 21.61±2.49 kg/m2). During follow-up, energy expenditure declined less for walking in walkers than for running in runners (males: −0.19±1.92 vs. −1.27±2.87, females: −0.30±1.93 vs. −1.28±2.85 METh/d). ΔBMI was inversely related to both ΔMETh/d run and ΔMETh/d walked, but more strongly to ΔMETh/d run than walked in men, and in heavier women. Specifically, the regression coefficient for ΔBMI vs. ΔMETh/d was significantly more negative for running than walking in men in the 1st quartile (differences in slope±SE: −0.06±0.03, P=0.01), 2nd quartile (−0.10±0.03, P=0.001), 3rd quartile (−0.17±0.03, P<10−8) and 4th quartile of BMI (−0.14±0.03, P<10−4) and in the 4th BMI quartile of women (−0.32±0.04 kg/m2 per METh/d, P<10−17). This represented 90% greater weight loss per METh/d run than walked in the 4th BMI quartile for both sexes. Age-related weight gain was attenuated by running in both sexes (P<10−6), and by walking in women (P=0.005). Conclusion Although ΔBMI was significantly associated with both ΔMETh/d run and walked, the ΔBMI was significantly greater for Δrunning than Δwalking.

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Section: Methods and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Greater Weight Loss from Running than Walking during a 6.2-yr Prospective Follow-up

Williams¹

2013

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Fragilidad: un fenotipo en revisión

García‐García

Zugasti²,

Rodríguez‐Mañas

2011

Gaceta Sanitaria

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A person's biological condition in old age partly depends on previous lifestyles. Consequently, the relationship between physical activity and obesity is emerging as an important risk factor for frailty, especially due to the resulting chronic inflammatory state. This inflammation not only leads to sarcopenia, which is basic to the development of frailty, but also affects the vascular and central nervous systems. Therefore, we believe that these two systems should be included in the frailty phenotype. Under these premises, and using the data from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging, we propose that the frailty phenotype be extended and recommend the use of a scale to evaluate the frailty trait.

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Dose-response relationship between walking and the attenuation of inherited weight

Williams

2011

Preventive Medicine

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Objective Genetic factors account for 40%–70% of the variation in body mass index (BMI). We sought to test whether moderate intensity physical activity affected parent–offspring relationships for body mass index and regional adiposity in 26,587 female and 6428 male walkers surveyed in the United States in 2000. Methods Survey questionnaires provided self-reported usual walking distance, height, weight, and waist circumference, and mother’s and father’s adiposity (1=lean, 2=normal, 3=overweight, and 4=very overweight). Regression analyses were used to test whether the contribution of parental adiposities to the walkers’ body mass indexes and waist circumferences diminished with walking. Results In the most sedentary group (walking <1.5 km/d), average parental adiposity was a significant determinant of the walkers’ body mass indexes and waist circumferences (female: P<10−15; male: P<10−13). Greater walking distance significantly diminished the effect of average parents’ adiposity on the walkers’ body mass indexes (female: P<10−10; male P=0.003) and waist circumferences (female: P<10−6; male P=0.01). Compared to the most sedentary female walkers, the effect of parental adiposity was reduced 36% for body mass indexes and 41% for waist circumferences (corresponding reductions in men were 36% and 46%, respectively). Conclusion These results suggest that moderate intensity physical activity attenuates inheritance of both total and regional adiposity in a dose-dependent manner.

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Association between walking distance and percentiles of body mass index in older and younger men

Abstract: Declines in BMI and waist circumferences with walking distance depend upon the percentile of the BMI distribution, with the decline per km walked being significantly greater among heavier men.

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Greater Weight Loss from Running than Walking during a 6.2-yr Prospective Follow-up

Greater Weight Loss from Running than Walking during a 6.2-yr Prospective Follow-up

Fragilidad: un fenotipo en revisión

Dose-response relationship between walking and the attenuation of inherited weight

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