Association between zinc pool sizes and iron stores in premenopausal women without anaemia

Abstract

The simultaneous occurrence of Zn and Fe deficiencies in man has been known since the discovery of human Zn deficiency. However, it is not established that low Fe stores per se or Fe-deficiency anaemia infer low Zn status. Therefore our objective was to identify relationships between Zn and Fe status in premenopausal women without anaemia. We also examined the contribution of food frequencies and blood loss to Zn and Fe status. The subjects were thirty-three apparently healthy premenopausal women without anaemia, who were not taking dietary supplements containing Zn or Fe or oral contraceptives. Main outcomes were Zn kinetic parameters based on the three-compartment mammillary model and serum ferritin (SF) concentration; contributing factors were the frequency of consumption of specific foods and menorrhagia. Lower SF was significantly associated with smaller sizes of Zn pools. The breakpoint in the relationship between SF and the lesser peripheral Zn pool was found to be 21·0 mg SF/l. SF also correlated positively with frequency of beef consumption and negatively with bleeding through menstrual pads (BTMP). Similar to SF, the Zn pool sizes correlated positively with frequency of beef consumption, and negatively with BTMP. In summary, Zn pool sizes and Fe stores were highly correlated in premenopausal women. SF concentrations , 20 mg/l suggest an increased likelihood of low Zn status.Exchangeable zinc pool: Serum ferritin: Premenopausal women

Zinc and iron deficiency and their interrelations in low-income African American and Hispanic children in Atlanta

“…The study showed a prevalence of serum zinc deficiency (,70 lg/dL, or ,10.7 lmol/L) of 12% overall, but with 19.4% among low-income, African American, preschool children compared with 4.8% in Hispanic children, which indicated that zinc deficiency is more widespread in lowincome, urban, African American children than expected and potentially should be monitored. Because serum zinc may be an insensitive indicator of zinc status relative to other kinetic zinc parameters, such as the various zinc pool compartments, the serum zinc cutoff was changed to 81 lg/dL (12.3 lmol/L) to evaluate the prevalence of zinc deficiency, which increased to 44% at this cutoff (22). Given the significant relation between serum zinc concentrations and hemoglobin (r = 0.26, P , 0.001), children who are diagnosed with anemia should possibly be evaluated for zinc deficiency, a concept that requires more comprehensive population-based studies (23,33).…”

“…Although zinc deficiency is not usually recognized as a major problem in developed countries, it rivals iron deficiency as a major contributor to overall micronutrient deficiency in developing countries (20,21). Significant linear relations have been identified between the iron and zinc statuses of individuals (22). There have also been reports of an increased prevalence of zinc deficiency among 12-36-mo-old and 6-9-yold Hispanic children from low-income families in the United States (23,24).…”

Effect of zinc supplementation on mood states in young women: a pilot study

“…Poor Zn nutriture has been a prevailing worldwide public health problem (Yokoi et al, 2007) since the discovery of human Zn deficiency (Prasad et al, 1963). Relationships between Zn nutriture and brain function in humans have been reported (Sandstead et al, 1998).…”

Evaluation of Serum Zinc Levels in Iron Deficiency Anemia In Children

“…Çinko eksikliği gelişmiş ülkelerde sık rastlanan bir sorun olmasa da, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde demir eksikliği tüm mikronütrientler için eksikliğe yol açabilen bir faktör olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Demir ve çinko seviyeleri arasında lineer bir ilişki gözlenmektedir [11][12][13] .…”