Association of Adiponectin Level and Variants in the Adiponectin Gene with Glucose Metabolism, Energy Expenditure, and Cytokines in Offspring of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Abstract

We conclude that adiponectin has multiple effects on glucose, lipid and free fatty acid metabolism, and cytokines in offspring of T2DM subjects.

Reduced plasma adiponectin concentrations may contribute to impaired insulin activation of glycogen synthase in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes

“…This is supported by the finding of a close positive association between plasma adiponectin and insulin-stimulated RQ, which reflects the capacity to switch from lipid to glucose oxidation, also termed metabolic flexibility. These observations extend those previously reported in young individuals with or without a family history of type 2 diabetes [4,6]. Taken together our results indicate that the insulin-sensitising effect of plasma adiponectin involves an improved capacity to switch from lipid to glucose oxidation and to store glucose as glycogen in response to insulin, and that low plasma adiponectin in type 2 diabetes may contribute to insulin resistance by interfering with insulin action on GS in skeletal muscle.…”

“…This provides a possible explanation at the molecular level for the association between plasma adiponectin and insulin-stimulated NOGM, which was recently reported in offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes [6], and now confirmed by us in a cross-sectional population of middle-aged subjects. Consistent with earlier reports [2-6, 8], we found a positive association between plasma adiponectin and insulinstimulated R d .…”

“…Correspondingly, impaired insulin activation of muscle glycogen synthase (GS) is a consistent finding in patients with type 2 diabetes and high-risk individuals [29,30]. Recently, an association between plasma adiponectin and insulin-stimulated nonoxidative glucose disposal was demonstrated in offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes [6]. Based on these findings we hypothesised that low adiponectin levels may contribute to impaired insulin activation of muscle GS in patients with type 2 diabetes.…”

“…In contrast to other adipokines, such as leptin, TNF-α and resistin, adiponectin levels are decreased in obesity [1][2][3], and show a strong negative correlation with multiple indices of insulin resistance in humans in vivo [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In patients with type 2 diabetes, adiponectin levels are further reduced [2,3], and low plasma adiponectin predicts a decline in insulin sensitivity and the future development of type 2 diabetes [9,10].…”

Weight loss and metabolic effects of topiramate in overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

“…This lack of effect is also consistent with the unchanged adiponectin levels as close correlations between adipokine and insulin sensitivity have repeatedly been shown. 18 Interestingly, there were also no significant changes in fasting blood lipids or blood pressure, although there was a trend towards improvement. The high dropout rate during this study was mainly caused by paresthesia and other CNS-related side effects.…”