Association of apelin and apelin receptor with the risk of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Abstract

It is well established that apelin-APLNR (apelin receptor) pathway plays a central role in cardiovascular system. In this meta-analysis, we summarized published results on circulating apelin concentration in association with coronary artery disease (CAD), apelin and APLNR genetic polymorphism(s) in predisposition to CAD risk and circulating apelin changes after surgical treatment for CAD. The results from 15 articles were pooled. Two authors independently took charge of literature search, article selection and information collection. Overall, circulating apelin concentration was significantly lower in CAD patients (N=1021) than in controls (N=654) (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -1.285 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.790 to -0.780, P<0001), with significant heterogeneity (I2=99.3%) but without publication bias. For the association of APLNR gene rs9943582 polymorphism with CAD (patients/controls: 5975/4717), the mutant T allele was associated with a 5.2% increased risk relative to the wild C allele (odds ratio: 1.052, 95% CI: 0.990 to 1.117, P=0.100), without heterogeneity (I2=0.0%) or publication bias. Circulating apelin was increased significantly after surgical treatment for CAD (N=202) (WMD: 2.011 ng/mL, 95% CI: 0.541 to 3.481, P=0.007), with significant heterogeneity (I2=98.0%). Stratified analyses showed that circulating apelin was significantly reduced in studies with age- and sex-matched patients and controls (WMD: -1.881 ng/mL, 95% CI: -2.457 to -1.304, P<0.001) and with total sample size ≥125 (WMD: -1.657 ng/mL, 95% CI: -2.378 to -0.936, P<0.001), relative to studies without matching reports and with total sample size <125. In brief, our results suggested that circulating apelin was a prominent athero-protective marker against the development of CAD.

The Role of Apelin in Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity and Cancer

“…The correlation between plasma apelin and left ventricular mass index in human and rats demonstrated, that this peptide might be used as a biomarker of left ventricular hypertrophy (Falcão-Pires et al, 2010 ). Meta-analysis of data indicated, that serum apelin (all forms) might be a prominent athero-protective marker against the development of coronary artery diseases (Chen et al, 2017b ). The expression changes of apelin/APJ system in cardiovascular diseases are shown in Table 1 .…”

Association of polymorphisms in MALAT1 with risk of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease in a Chinese population

“…In addition to these factors, genetic factors have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of CAD [ 4 – 8 ]. Chen et al reported that subjects carrying rs9943582 T allele in apelin receptor gene had a 5.2% increased risk of CAD [ 7 ]. Pan et al reported that individuals carrying rs3785889-rs16941382 G-T haplotype in golgi snap receptor complex member 2 gene had a significantly higher chance of suffering from CAD [ 8 ].…”

WITHDRAWN: The platelet membrane glycoprotein VI genetic polymorphism (rs1613662, 13254T>C) is not associated with the risk of coronary artery disease

“…The lifestyle-and environmental-related factors include cigarette smoking, salt intake, obesity, diet, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and other factors [3]. In the past decades, the genetic mechanisms underlying CAD predisposition are widely investigated by case-control association studies [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”