Association of arteriosclerosis and/or atherosclerosis with hypertensive target organ damage in the community-dwelling elderly Chinese: the Northern Shanghai Study

Abstract

ObjectiveVascular abnormality includes two forms, arteriosclerosis (ARS) and atherosclerosis (ATS), which coexist in patients with cardiovascular (CV) diseases. However, whether their combination may lead to a worsening status in those patients remains unclear. We therefore aimed to investigate the association of ARS and/or ATS with hypertensive target organ damage (TOD).MethodsFrom June 2014 to August 2015, a total of 1,599 community-dwelling elderly subjects (aged >65 years) from northern Shanghai were recruited. Vascular measurements, such as carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), ankle–brachial index (ABI) and carotid plaque, were conducted on each participant, and ARS was defined as cf-PWV >12 m/s, while ATS was defined as participants who have carotid plaque or ABI <0.9. Within the framework of comprehensive CV examinations, CV risk factors were assessed, and asymptomatic TOD was evaluated by measuring participants’ left ventricular mass index (LVMI), peak transmitral pulsed Doppler velocity/early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity (E/Ea), urinary albumin–creatinine rate (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).ResultsAlthough LVMI, E/Ea and eGFR were significantly different among subjects with or without ARS and/or ATS (P<0.02), in full adjustment model, only E/Ea showed the independent and significant difference (P=0.023). Moreover, E/Ea was significantly different between participants with ARS or ATS and those without ARS or ATS (P=0.045), while there was no significant difference between participants with ARS and ATS and those without ARS or ATS (P=0.28). Similar results were obtained in the multivariate logistic regression of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). With similar adjustment, LVDD was significantly associated with ATS (P=0.01) but not with ARS (P=0.99).ConclusionIn the community-dwelling elderly Chinese, among hypertensive TOD, LVDD was significantly associated with ATS but not with ARS. The proportion of patients with LVDD was not significantly different despite the presence of both ATS and ARS, when compared to patients with ATS alone.

Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Safety

“…If an elevated BP is left unmanaged, it can induce arterial remodeling; the walls of small vessels thicken, and the vessels lose their elasticity and become narrower. This process is called arteriosclerosis and can lead to "target organ damage" (TOD) (Triantafyllidi et al, 2010;Fan et al, 2017). TOD affects several organs such as the brain, kidney, or retina and may lead to death (Mensah, 2016;Abegaz et al, 2017).…”

Role of Herbal Active Compound in Cardiac Failure Treatment

“…Anemarrhenoside is a steroidal saponin monomer extracted from the dried rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, while also being its most abundant component [68][69][70]. Saponins E-I, E-II, B-II, B-III, and A-III of Anemarrhena asphodeloides can promote the production of SOD.…”

Aplicabilidade dos marcadores de rigidez arterial na doença arterial periférica

“…It is a degenerative process of the tunica media of elastic arteries that occurs with aging and is exacerbated by cardiovascular risk factors. 3 The mechanism underlying this process is chronic vascular inflammation caused by mitochondrial oxidative stress in smooth muscle cells. 6 Arteriosclerosis causes thickening of the artery walls, reduced complacency, and increased rigidity.…”

“…2 Atherosclerosis is the causative mechanism of the majority of ischemic diseases, such as myocardial infarction and cerebral ischemia, and is the most common pattern of arteriosclerosis. 3 The pathophysiologic changes that lead to increased blood vessel rigidity can be separated into passive and active components. The passive component of arterial stiffness consists of mechanical changes to the vascular wall.…”

“…2 It is a process that is accelerated by traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. 3 Arterial stiffness can increase the risk of development of arterial obstructions as a result of the hemodynamic stress associated with changes to the pattern of flow through the elastic arteries, in particular increased peak systolic pressure and reduced diastolic flow. 1 Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of the lower limbs is primarily caused by progression of atherosclerosis in the arteries of the limbs.…”