Association of astrocytes with neurons and astrocytes derived from distinct progenitor domains in the subpallium

Torigoe, Makio; Yamauchi, Kenta; Zhu, Yan; Kobayashi, Hiroaki; Murakami, Fujio

doi:10.1038/srep12258

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This morphological classification corresponds to regional heterogeneity, because fibrous and protoplasmic astrocytes generally segregate in white matter and gray matter, respectively. Recent studies demonstrated that astrocytes are allocated to spatially distinct domains in the developing brain (Tsai et al, 2012 ; Molofsky et al, 2014 ; Bayraktar et al, 2015 ) and can only interact with neurons derived from the same domain (Torigoe et al, 2015 ). Given that astrocytic regional domains coordinate post-natal neural circuit formation and regulate eventual neuronal activity, astrocytic regional heterogeneity can also be regarded as functional heterogeneity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olig2-Lineage Astrocytes: A Distinct Subtype of Astrocytes That Differs from GFAP Astrocytes

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Astrocytes are the most abundant glia cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), and are known to constitute heterogeneous populations that differ in their morphology, gene expression and function. Although glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the cardinal cytological marker of CNS astrocytes, GFAP-negative astrocytes can easily be found in the adult CNS. Astrocytes are also allocated to spatially distinct regional domains during development. This regional heterogeneity suggests that they help to coordinate post-natal neural circuit formation and thereby to regulate eventual neuronal activity. Here, during lineage-tracing studies of cells expressing Olig2 using Olig2CreER; Rosa-CAG-LSL-eNpHR3.0-EYFP transgenic mice, we found Olig2-lineage mature astrocytes in the adult forebrain. Long-term administration of tamoxifen resulted in sufficient recombinant induction, and Olig2-lineage cells were found to be preferentially clustered in some adult brain nuclei. We then made distribution map of Olig2-lineage astrocytes in the adult mouse brain, and further compared the map with the distribution of GFAP-positive astrocytes visualized in GFAPCre; Rosa-CAG-LSL-eNpHR3.0-EYFP mice. Brain regions rich in Olig2-lineage astrocytes (e.g., basal forebrain, thalamic nuclei, and deep cerebellar nuclei) tended to lack GFAP-positive astrocytes, and vice versa. Even within a single brain nucleus, Olig2-lineage astrocytes and GFAP astrocytes frequently occupied mutually exclusive territories. These findings strongly suggest that there is a subpopulation of astrocytes (Olig2-lineage astrocytes) in the adult brain, and that it differs from GFAP-positive astrocytes in its distribution pattern and perhaps also in its function. Interestingly, the brain nuclei rich in Olig2-lineage astrocytes strongly expressed GABA-transporter 3 in astrocytes and vesicular GABA transporter in neurons, suggesting that Olig2-lineage astrocytes are involved in inhibitory neuronal transmission.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olig2-Lineage Astrocytes: A Distinct Subtype of Astrocytes That Differs from GFAP Astrocytes

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Likewise, astrocytes from gray and white matter react differently to SWI (Mattugini et al, ). This could be due to preexisting differences between astrocytes from distinct brain regions (Boisvert, Erikson, Shokhirev, & Allen, ; Chai et al, ; Itoh et al, ; John Lin et al, ; Lanjakornsiripan et al, ; Morel et al, ; Torigoe, Yamauchi, Zhu, Kobayashi, & Murakami, ). Another demonstration of different molecular classes of reactive astrocytes came from the Barres laboratory.…”

Section: Do All Astrocytes React the Same Way?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Boisvert, Erikson, Shokhirev, & Allen, 2018;Chai et al, 2017;Itoh et al, 2018;John Lin et al, 2017;Lanjakornsiripan et al, 2018;Morel et al, 2017;Torigoe, Yamauchi, Zhu, Kobayashi, & Murakami, 2015). Another demonstration of different molecular classes of reactive astrocytes came from the Barres laboratory.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Questions and (some) answers on reactive astrocytes

Escartin

Guillemaud

Sauvage

2019

Glia

232

180

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Astrocytes are key cellular partners for neurons in the central nervous system. Astrocytes react to virtually all types of pathological alterations in brain homeostasis by significant morphological and molecular changes. This response was classically viewed as stereotypical and is called astrogliosis or astrocyte reactivity. It was long considered as a nonspecific, secondary reaction to pathological conditions, offering no clues on disease‐causing mechanisms and with little therapeutic value. However, many studies over the last 30 years have underlined the crucial and active roles played by astrocytes in physiology, ranging from metabolic support, synapse maturation, and pruning to fine regulation of synaptic transmission. This prompted researchers to explore how these new astrocyte functions were changed in disease, and they reported alterations in many of them (sometimes beneficial, mostly deleterious). More recently, cell‐specific transcriptomics revealed that astrocytes undergo massive changes in gene expression when they become reactive. This observation further stressed that reactive astrocytes may be very different from normal, nonreactive astrocytes and could influence disease outcomes. To make the picture even more complex, both normal and reactive astrocytes were shown to be molecularly and functionally heterogeneous. Very little is known about the specific roles that each subtype of reactive astrocytes may play in different disease contexts. In this review, we have interrogated researchers in the field to identify and discuss points of consensus and controversies about reactive astrocytes, starting with their very name. We then present the emerging knowledge on these cells and future challenges in this field.

show abstract

“…In other brain regions, astrocyte heterogeneity appears to be more complex. In the striatum, intermixed astrocytes and neurons from multiple progenitor pools interact indiscriminately yet astrocytes show selective interactions with specific circuits (Martín et al, 2015 ; Torigoe et al, 2015 ). Single-cell RNAseq of the striatum indicates that unlike other cells of the striatum, astrocytes do not segregate into discrete populations and therefore do not appear to form well-defined subtypes (Gokce et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Environmental Cues and Intraregional Heterogeneity Of Astrocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving Astrocyte Heterogeneity in the CNS

Farmer

Murai

2017

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Astrocytes play essential roles in nearly all aspects of brain function from modulating synapses and neurovasculature to preserving appropriate extracellular solute concentrations. To meet the complex needs of the central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes possess highly specialized properties that are optimized for their surrounding neural circuitry. Precisely how these diverse astrocytes types are generated in vivo, however, remains poorly understood. Key to this process is a critical balance of intrinsic developmental patterning and context-dependent environmental signaling events that configures astrocyte phenotype. Indeed, emerging lines of evidence indicate that persistent cues from neighboring cells in the mature CNS cooperate with early patterning events to promote astrocyte diversity. Consistent with this, manipulating Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Notch and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in the adult brain, have profound effects on the structural, morphological and physiological state of mature astrocytes. These pathways may become disrupted in various neurological diseases and contribute to CNS pathology. This mini-review article focuses on how context-dependent environmental cues cooperate with intrinsic developmental patterning events to control astrocyte diversity in vivo in order to promote healthy brain function.

show abstract

Association of astrocytes with neurons and astrocytes derived from distinct progenitor domains in the subpallium

Cited by 17 publications

References 61 publications

Olig2-Lineage Astrocytes: A Distinct Subtype of Astrocytes That Differs from GFAP Astrocytes

Olig2-Lineage Astrocytes: A Distinct Subtype of Astrocytes That Differs from GFAP Astrocytes

Questions and (some) answers on reactive astrocytes

Resolving Astrocyte Heterogeneity in the CNS

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About