Association of bacterial vaginosis with periodontitis in a cross-sectional American nationwide survey

Abstract

To explore the association between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and periodontitis (PD) and to determine whether PD and BV might be linked with systemic serum alterations. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2004, with women aged 18–49 years old and diagnosed with or without BV according to Nugent’s method. PD was defined according to the 2012 case definition. We compared serum counts according to the presence of PD and the presence of BV. Multivariable regression was used to explore and identify relevant variables towards the presence of BV. 961 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In women with BV, PD was associated with higher inflammation, characterized by increased white blood cells (p = 0.006) and lymphocyte (p = 0.009) counts. Predictive models presented a statistically significant association between PD and BV [Odds Ratio (OD) = 1.69, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.09–2.61 for periodontitis; OD = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.30–4.29 for severe PD]. Fully adjusted models for age, smoking, body mass index, diabetes mellitus and number of systemic conditions reinforced this association [OD = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.06–2.76 for PD; OD = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.15–4.25 for severe PD]. An association between BV and PD is conceivable. PD was associated with higher systemic markers of inflammation in women with BV. Our data is novel and could serve as a foundation to guide future studies in the confirmation of this association and the underlying mechanisms.

Self-reported periodontitis and C-reactive protein in Parkinson’s disease: a cross-sectional study of two American cohorts

“…Concerning patients’ marital status, the used definition included “single” (never married), “married/living with a partner”, and “divorced/separated/widowed” 52 .…”

Tooth Loss and Blood Pressure in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: An Exploratory Study on NHANES Data

“…Self-reported information about sociodemographic and lifestyle parameters regarding age; sex; race/ethnicity (i.e., Mexican American, Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, other Hispanic and other race—including multi-racial); educational level; marital status (i.e., single, married/living with a partner, and divorced/separated/widowed [ 42 ]); family income-to-poverty ratio; and smoking status were collected. Educational level was categorized as “<high school” (including less than 9th grade and 9–11th grade, which includes 12th grade with no diploma), “high school” (including high school grad/GED or equivalent) and “>high school” (including some college or AA degree and college graduate or above) [ 43 ].…”

The Female Reproductive Tract Microbiome—Implications for Gynecologic Cancers and Personalized Medicine

“…Published reports to date suggest that the upper FRT shares some bacterial species with the lower FRT, which may act as a reservoir for both healthy commensal or pathogenic populations [11,50]. Additional possible routes of transmission and microbial seeding of the uterine cavity include hematogenous spread of gut and oral microbiota; oral and perianal mucosa of an individual and their sexual partners; and microbiota in semen [35,[52][53][54][55][56].…”

“…The loss of estrogen in the vaginal epithelium either from natural menopause or the results of hormonal or cytotoxic cancer therapies induces a shift towards non-Lactobacillus dominant lower FRT microbiomes with increased abundance of anaerobes such as Gardnerella and Atopobium. In addition, there is evidence that other body sites including oral and perianal mucosa [52][53][54] and sexual partners [52,84] may act as a reservoir for the FRT microbiome, which needs to be taken into consideration when designing interventions. To date, interventions manipulating the FRT microbiome have not yet been explored in the setting of gynecologic cancers, and therapies targeting the lower FRT microbiome have been focused on treatment of vaginal microbial dysbiosis/bacterial vaginosis.…”