Association of choroidal thickness with eye growth: a cross-sectional study of individuals between 4 and 23 years

Zengin, Mehmet Özgür; Karahan, Eyyüp; Yılmaz, Sami; Çınar, Esat; Tuncer, İbrahim; Küçükerdönmez, Cem

doi:10.1038/eye.2014.227

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Similar studies carried out on children have also revealed an inverse correlation between ChT and axial length (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Original Research Articlementioning

confidence: 54%

Choroidal Thickness and Ametropia in Children: A Longitudinal Study

Fontaine

Gaucher

Sauer

et al. 2017

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: To determine the relationship of subfoveal choroidal thickness (ChT), refraction, and axial length in children, and evaluate the evolution of subfoveal ChT with time in myopic versus nonmyopic eyes. Methods: A total of 229 eyes of 115 children aged 2 to 16 years were included in the study. Refraction under cycloplegia, axial length, and subfoveal ChT were measured at baseline with comparative investigations at 15 months follow-up. Results: The probability for the subfoveal ChT to be thinner in myopic children compared to nonmyopic children was 0.9999. We found a relation between subfoveal ChT and axial length. At 15 months follow-up, subfoveal ChT was found to have increased in the nonmyopic eyes, but decreased in myopic patients. Conclusions: A number of studies have already shown the choroid to play an important role in the process of emmetropization. We found that ChT had a different evolution in myopic children compared to nonmyopic children. A thinner choroid may predict the onset, or progression, of myopia. Further studies, with longer follow-up, are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.

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“…Similar studies carried out on children have also revealed an inverse correlation between ChT and axial length (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Original Research Articlementioning

confidence: 54%

Choroidal Thickness and Ametropia in Children: A Longitudinal Study

Fontaine

Gaucher

Sauer

et al. 2017

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…[2][3][4][5]7,12 In our study population of children, SFCT decreased by approximately 25 lm per millimeter increase in axial length (Table 2). In the study by Li and colleagues, 26 SFCT of young adults decreased by 58 lm for each millimeter increase in axial length.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thicker SFCT was associated with older age and shorter axial length. 12 The Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000 Eye Study included 1323 healthy 11-and 12-year-old children and revealed a mean SFCT of 369 6 81 lm in girls and 348 6 72 lm in boys. 13 Longer axial length was associated with a thinner subfoveal choroid after adjusting for age and sex.…”

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confidence: 99%

Macular Choroidal Thickness in Children: The Shandong Children Eye Study

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE.To examine the thickness of the macular choroid and its associations in school children aged 6 to 18 years. METHODS.The school-based cross-sectional Shandong Children Eye Study included 6026 (94.7%) of 6364 eligible children fulfilling the inclusion criterion of an age from 4 to 18 years. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was performed for a subgroup of 972 school children aged 6þ years. All participants underwent ocular examinations, including measurement of visual acuity, cycloplegic refractometry, biometry, and SD-OCT (enhanced depth imaging mode) for measurement of choroidal thickness. RESULTS.The study included 972 children (501 girls) with a mean age of 11.3 6 3.3 years (range, 6-18 years) and mean axial length of 24.10 6 1.56 mm (range, 16.57-28.82 mm). Mean choroidal thickness was thicker (P < 0.001) at 500 lm temporal to the foveola (290 6 67 lm) than in the subfoveal region (283 6 67 lm; range, 113-507 lm) and the region 500 lm superior to the fovea (283 6 66 lm), where it was thicker (P < 0.001) than at 500 lm inferior of the foveola (281 6 66 lm), and it was thinnest (P < 0.001) at 500 lm nasal of the foveola (268 6 67 lm). In multivariate analysis, thicker SFCT was (overall correlation coefficient r: 0.51) associated with shorter axial length (P < 0.001; standardized correlation coefficient b: À0.48; B: À23.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: À27.2 to À20.3), male sex (P ¼ 0.006; b: À0.08; B: À10.7; 95% CI: À18.3 to À3.11), and younger age (P ¼ 0.04; b: À0.07; B: À1.46; 95% CI: À2.85 to À0.07).CONCLUSIONS. As in adults, thicker SFCT in children and teenagers was markedly associated with shorter axial length, and to a lesser degree with male sex and older age. As in adults, increasing axial myopia in teenagers is associated with choroidal thinning and development of a leptochoroid.Keywords: choroidal thickness, choroid, optical coherence tomography, leptochoroid, Shandong Children Eye Study D evelopment of the enhanced depth imaging mode of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) has made the visualization and measurement of the choroid in vivo feasible. 1,2 Previous investigations have determined the thickness of the choroid in the macular region and have assessed relationships between choroidal thickness measurements and other ocular and systemic variables such as axial length and age.3-5 Most of these studies were performed on adults, whereas children and teenagers have only rarely been examined, and if, then mostly in relatively small study populations. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The study by Park and Oh,6 in which the choroidal thickness profiles were assessed in 48 healthy children, revealed a mean subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) of 348 6 83 lm. In the investigation by Read and colleagues 7 on 194 children with an age of 4 to 12 years and a spherical equivalent refractive error ranging between þ1.25 and À0.50 diopters, mean SFCT was 330 6 65 lm (range, 189-538 lm). Interestingly, SFCT increased significantly (P ¼ 0.04) with older age from 312 6...

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“…In addition, for the relationship between choroidal thickness and gender, it has been reported that girls have higher choroidal thickness or choroidal volume than boys in some studies1920212430, although this did not reach statistical significance after adjusting for other related factors. However, one study found significantly thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness in boys than in girls29, while no relationship with gender was observed in other studies262731.…”

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confidence: 86%

“…The reasons for some of the contrary results obtained in previous studies may be due to the relatively small sample size2021222326273031, limited range of ages1925 or uneven proportions of refractive errors24. Thus, the purpose of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the characteristics of choroidal thickness and to explore the relationship between choroidal thickness and age in a large sample of normal Chinese school children aged 6 to 19 years with a wide range of refractive errors using SS-OCT.…”

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confidence: 91%

Choroidal Thickness in 3001 Chinese Children Aged 6 to 19 Years Using Swept-Source OCT

Xiong

Deng

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The purpose of the cross-sectional study is to describe the values and distribution of choroidal thickness and to explore its related factors, especially age, in Chinese children. A total of 3001 Chinese school children aged 6 to 19 years underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including axial length and cycloplegic refraction. Choroidal thickness was measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). There was a greater difference in the more central regions between the myopes and emmetropes. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the associated factors of choroidal thickness. The results demonstrated that age was independently positively related to choroidal thickness for emmetropes (β = 3.859, p < 0.001), and mild myopes with spherical equivalent greater than −2.00 D (−1.25 D < spherical equivalent ≤ −0.50 D: β = 3.476, p = 0.006; −2.00 D < spherical equivalent ≤ −1.25 D: β = 3.232, p = 0.020). However, no significant relationship between age and choroidal thickness was found in children with spherical equivalent ≤ −2.00 D, suggesting that the protective effect of physiologic choroidal growth with age against rapid axial elongation disappeared while axial elongation becomes the dominant determinant of choroidal thickness among children with myopia worse than −2.00 D.

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Association of choroidal thickness with eye growth: a cross-sectional study of individuals between 4 and 23 years

Abstract: Background and aims We aimed to evaluate the association of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) with age and to determine its relationship with axial length (AL) and ocular biometric parameters, in children and young adults during growth period.

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Choroidal Thickness and Ametropia in Children: A Longitudinal Study

Choroidal Thickness and Ametropia in Children: A Longitudinal Study

Macular Choroidal Thickness in Children: The Shandong Children Eye Study

Choroidal Thickness in 3001 Chinese Children Aged 6 to 19 Years Using Swept-Source OCT

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