Association of dietary and gut microbiota-related metabolites with calcific aortic stenosis

Cholesterol efflux promoting function of high-density lipoproteins in calcific aortic valve stenosis

“…This study is a subgroup analysis of a case-control study conducted in (1) Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine (from May 2016 to July 2016) and (2) Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medicana International Ankara Hospital (from May 2016 to December 2016). The design and primary study results have been reported previously [ 19 ].…”

“…In brief, ‘cases’ were consecutive subjects who were diagnosed with moderate-severe CAVS or ASc, and ‘controls’ were age and gender-matched subjects without functional or morphological abnormalities in aortic valves [ 19 ]. Diagnosis was made on transthoracic echocardiography according to the 2014 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guideline on the management of patients with valvular heart disease [ 20 ] and recommendations on the echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve stenosis [ 21 , 22 ].…”

“…In recent years, dietary-derived choline and its metabolism by the gut microbiota and liver into betaine and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) have drawn interest following the demonstration that dietary supplementation with choline promotes atherogenesis in mice [ 16 ]. An association between coronary artery disease and choline metabolites has been successively reported in clinical studies [ 17 , 18 ], whereas the relation of choline levels with CAVS presence and severity has been recently highlighted for the first time [ 19 ].…”

Integrated proteomic and metabolomic profile analyses of cardiac valves revealed molecular mechanisms and targets in calcific aortic valve disease

“…Compared with normal controls, plasma choline levels are significantly increased in patients with AS, as well as in patients whose aortic valves had neovascularization, calcification, metaplastic ossification, and more severe tissue remodeling. Plasma choline also independently correlated with aortic peak flow velocity ( 35 , 36 ). Cardiovascular parameters can be altered by intraperitoneal administration of cytidine-5’-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) and its metabolites ( 37 ).…”

“…Plasma choline levels are significantly increased in patients with AS, and in patients whose aortic valves exhibited neovascularization, calcification, and metaplastic ossification, as well as more severe tissue remodeling. Plasma choline also independently correlates with aortic peak flow velocity ( 35 , 36 ). These findings confirmed the importance of ENPP1, CAMK2D, and ABCA8 in the development of CAVD.…”