Association of dietary pattern and body weight with blood pressure in Jiangsu Province, China

Abstract

BackgroundTo identify risk factors, associations between dietary patterns, body mass index (BMI), and hypertension in a Chinese population.MethodsDietary intake was assessed in 2518 adults by a 3-day 24 h recall and a food frequency questionnaire. Salt and oil intake was assessed by weighing records. Four dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Overweight and obesity was determined according to the Chinese cut-offs for BMI. High blood pressure was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated using Poisson regression.ResultsOf the subjects, 26.7% had high blood pressure. Subjects with overweight and obesity were more likely to have high blood pressure than those with normal weight (PR, 95% CI: 1.60, 1.40-1.87; 2.45, 2.11-2.85, respectively). Subjects with a ‘traditional’ dietary pattern were more likely to have high blood pressure (P for trend = 0.001), whereas those with a ‘macho’ or ‘sweet tooth’ dietary pattern were less likely to have high blood pressure (P for trend = 0.004 and <0.001, respectively). More than half of the population had salt intakes > 9 g/d, and blood pressure increased with salt intake (P for trend <0.001). Subjects with a ‘traditional’ dietary pattern had the highest salt intake (12.3 g/d).ConclusionA traditional dietary pattern is associated with high blood pressure among the population of Jiangsu Province, which may be mainly due to high salt intake. Moreover, high BMI is an important determinant of high blood pressure. Both issues need to be addressed by lifestyle interventions.

Empirically Derived Dietary Patterns and Hypertension Likelihood: A Meta-Analysis

“…Recently, several studies have indicated that there is a growing interest in medical research on the associations between overall dietary patterns and hypertension likelihood [15][16][17][18][19]. However, the findings from these studies remain inconsistent.…”

“…Twenty-seven articles [9,13,[15][16][17][18][19][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] met the inclusion criteria and were included in this metaanalysis, including16 cohort studies [13,25,27,[30][31][32][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] and 11 cross-sectional studies [9, 15-19, 24, 26, 28-29, 33]. Descriptive information of each included study was presented in Table1.…”

“…However, the findings from these studies remain inconsistent. Although some previous studies reported a positive association between healthy/prudent pattern and hypertension [15][16], other also reported an inverse association between this pattern and hypertension [18][19]. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis of studies published from January 1990 up to March 2016, to identify the potential relation between dietary patterns and the likelihood of hypertension.…”

Invariant effect of vision on taste across two Asian cultures: India and China

“…This result may be not surprising, because Kolkata in Bengal has the “sweet culture,” the local daily sweet snacks or dessert consumption is rather high (Kar & Kundu, ). Conversely, the Chinese do not have dessert culture after main dishes and the sugar consumption on the daily eating table in Jiangsu is much less (Qin et al, ). Thereby, the local palate of people in West Bengal, India, due to higher exposition to sweetness may have been skewed to higher sweetness threshold level than that of people from east China.…”

Dietary pattern and its’ association with anemia among infants aged 6-23 months in central-south China.

“…Health Organization infant and young child feeding indicators, corresponded to the guidelines or healthy pattern by previous studies [11,16]. The traditional pattern was characterized by high intake of cereals, water and soup, other vegetables and fruits, meat, and multi-nutrient powders, similar to the traditional Chinese adults dietary patterns [17][18][19]. The breast milk pattern resembles the "breastfeeding" pattern reported by Lim [9] and Smithers [20], which was characterized by higher intake of breast milk and lower intake of formula milk.…”