Association of dietary patterns with blood pressure and body adiposity in adolescents: a systematic review

Neves, Morgana Egle Alves; Souza, Marielly Rodrigues de; Gorgulho, Bartira Mendes; Cunha, Diana Barbosa; Muraro, Ana Paula; Rodrigues, Paulo Rogério Melo

doi:10.1038/s41430-020-00850-w

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Regarding the other dietary patterns found in our results, some studies found associations between adherence to a pattern characterized by high foods rich in sodium, fats, refined carbohydrates and energy density foods with increasing odds for overweight/obesity outcome [14,48,50]. On the other hand, similar to our founds, other studies found no association between these dietary patterns with overweight/obesity in Brazilian [10,51], American [52], and even in European adolescents [11,53].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Previous studies have used these methods to identify dietary patterns and their relationship with nutritional status in adolescents [10][11][12][13]. A recent review shows that a dietary patterns generally characterized by foods rich in sodium, fats, refined carbohydrates, and low in fiber, such as processed meats, fast-foods, confectionery, refined grains and sugarsweetened beverages (SSBs) were associated with increased body weight, while a dietary pattern generally characterized by fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and white meats had a positive influence on body weight and adiposity in adolescents [14]. However, the evidence of the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity in adolescents is still uncertain, and more studies on this theme are needed to clarify the role of diet in obesity development in children and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the evidence of the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity in adolescents is still uncertain, and more studies on this theme are needed to clarify the role of diet in obesity development in children and adolescents. Besides that, some studies have identified dietary patterns without considering sex-specificities [10,14], which can lead to inappropriate estimates, as there is evidence of different eating habits and prevalence of overweight/obesity in adolescents [15,16]. Thus, this study aimed to (1) derive sex-specific dietary patterns of European adolescents, and (2) evaluate the association between these dietary patterns with the overweight/obesity outcome in a well-established multicenter study in Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breakfast Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with Overweight/Obesity in European Adolescents: The HELENA Study

et al. 2021

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Obesity in children and adolescents is a public health problem and diet can play a major role in this condition. We aimed to identify sex-specific dietary patterns (DP) and to evaluate the association with overweight/obesity in European adolescents. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis with 2327 adolescents aged between 12.5 to 17.5 years from a multicenter study across Europe. The body mass index was categorized in “normal weight” and “overweight/obesity”. Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls were collected with a computerized self-reported software. Principal component factor analysis was used to identify DP. Mixed-effect logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the sex-specific DP and overweight/obesity outcome. As a result, we found three DP in boys (snacking and bread, Mediterranean diet, and breakfast) and four DP in girls (convenience, plant-based and eggs, Western, and breakfast). The association between DP and overweight/obesity highlights that those adolescents with higher adherence to the breakfast DP had lower odds for overweight/obesity, even after the inclusion of covariables in the adjustments. In European adolescents, the breakfast DP positively characterized by breakfast cereals, fruit, milk, and dairy and negatively characterized by sugar-sweetened beverages in boys and negatively characterized by cereals (pasta, rice, and others) in girls, was inversely associated with overweight/obesity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breakfast Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with Overweight/Obesity in European Adolescents: The HELENA Study

et al. 2021

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“…In this context, studies assessing the association between different dietary patterns and hypertension in adolescents have been carried out. For example, it has been observed that adolescents who consume more fruits and other vegetables and less processed products, sweets, and sausages had lower BP levels than those who have a less healthy dietary pattern ( 3 , 18 , 19 ). Conversely, in adolescence, a sufficient night sleep duration with optimal quality is associated with a lower probability of showing hypertension compared to those with sleep deprivation ( 20 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are adherence to the Mediterranean diet and siesta individually or jointly associated with blood pressure in Spanish adolescents? Results from the EHDLA study

Mesas

Jiménez‐López

Martínez‐Vizcaíno

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundBoth dietary and sleep patterns can influence both blood pressure levels and heart rate, but these associations have been understudied in adolescents. Furthermore, it is not known whether diet and sleep could exert a synergistic effect with respect to the maintenance of optimal BP levels in this population.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of blood pressure levels with the combination of higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the habit of siesta (daytime napping) in Spanish adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with data obtained through personal interviews and physical examination from a representative sample of 1,378 adolescents (12–17 years of age) from the Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia, Spain) selected using a simple random sampling technique. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in Children and Adolescents, and the frequency and duration of siesta were self-reported. Objective measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were obtained under standardized conditions. Statistical procedures were performed with SPSS software (v.25) and included logistic and generalized regression models adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, body mass index, total energy intake, nighttime sleep duration, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.ResultsOf the 698 adolescents finally studied (mean age 13.9 ± 1.5 years; 56.2% female), 37.1% (n = 259) had high adherence to the Mediterranean diet and 19.6% (n = 137) reported frequent siesta. In the completely adjusted models, compared to adolescents with low Mediterranean diet adherence and no or infrequent siesta, those with high Mediterranean diet adherence and frequent siesta were less likely to have high-normal blood pressure or hypertension (odds ratio = 0.47; 95% confidence interval: 0.26, 0.88) and showed slightly lower systolic blood pressure (ß-coef. = −2.60; 95% CI: −5.18, −0.02).ConclusionGreater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and frequent siesta have a synergistic effect on maintaining lower blood pressure levels in adolescence. These findings reinforce that adherence to both Mediterranean lifestyle behaviors early in life may be an important strategy to prevent hypertension throughout adulthood.

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“…Dietary behaviours established in childhood may significantly track into adolescence [21] and adulthood [22] and can be reflected in adverse health outcomes such as overweight [23], increased adiposity [24], hypertension [25], diabetes, and metabolic syndrome [26] across the lifespan. This highlights the importance of identifying unhealthy dietary patterns in children and adolescents to prevent potential harms to health, identify axes of action for public policies, and improve the development of interventions adapted to the needs of these age ranges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Patterns in Portuguese Children and Adolescent Population: The UPPER Project

et al. 2021

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Considering the nature, extent, and purpose of food processing, this study aims to identify dietary patterns (DPs) and their associations with sociodemographic factors and diet quality in Portuguese children and adolescents. Cross-sectional data were obtained from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2015–2016) of the Portuguese population. Dietary intake was obtained from two non-consecutive days and food items were classified according to the NOVA system. The proportion (in grams) of foods in the total daily diet was considered to identify DPs by latent class analysis, with age and sex as concomitant variables. Associations of DPs with sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. Linear regressions adjusted by sociodemographic characteristics tested associations of DPs with diet quality. DPs identified were: “Unhealthy” (higher sugar-sweetened beverages, industrial breads, and sausages intake), “Traditional” (higher vegetables, fish, olive oil, breads, ultra-processed yogurts, and sausages intake), and “Dairy” (higher intake of milk, yogurt, and milk-based beverages). “Unhealthy” was associated with older ages and lower intake of dietary fibre and vitamins and the highest free sugars and ultra-processed foods (UPF), although all DPs presented significant consumption of UPF. These findings should be considered for the design of food-based interventions and school-feeding policies in Portugal.

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Association of dietary patterns with blood pressure and body adiposity in adolescents: a systematic review

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Breakfast Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with Overweight/Obesity in European Adolescents: The HELENA Study

Breakfast Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with Overweight/Obesity in European Adolescents: The HELENA Study

Are adherence to the Mediterranean diet and siesta individually or jointly associated with blood pressure in Spanish adolescents? Results from the EHDLA study

Dietary Patterns in Portuguese Children and Adolescent Population: The UPPER Project

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